阿摩線上測驗
49 聚焦方案（FOCUSED Program）最主要的對象與目標為何？
(A)重複練習結構化腳本，提升腦傷個案的對話互動能力
(B)訓練照顧者特定的技巧，幫助提升失智症患者的認知與溝通能力
(C)藉由語言刺激團體治療，提升失語症患者的社交與對話能力
(D)藉由左向搜尋作業（leftward search task）訓練，提升左側忽略個案的視覺掃描及追視能力
答案：登入後查看
統計： A(169), B(270), C(35), D(24), E(0) #3137938
統計： A(169), B(270), C(35), D(24), E(0) #3137938
詳解 (共 2 筆)
熱狗蛋餅
#5921109
聚焦方案(FOCUSED program)是最早實證的照顧者溝通訓練方案之一，是照顧者可使用的特定溝通策略，研究發現照顧者對這些策略的知識以及對溝通成功的認知有正向的結果。
F：功能以及面對面(fuctional and face to face)
O：讓個案了解主題(orient to topic)
C：持續話題以及具體的話題(continuity of topics, concrete topics)
U：不執著於任何溝通阻礙(unstick any communication blocks)
S：使用結構化的是非問句或選擇問句(structure with yes/no and choice question)
E：對話交流及鼓勵互動(exchange conversation, encourage interaction)
D：直接、簡短和簡單句子(direct, short, simple sentences)
Source:失語症及相關神經性溝通障礙 p.20-25~20-26
F：功能以及面對面(fuctional and face to face)
O：讓個案了解主題(orient to topic)
C：持續話題以及具體的話題(continuity of topics, concrete topics)
U：不執著於任何溝通阻礙(unstick any communication blocks)
S：使用結構化的是非問句或選擇問句(structure with yes/no and choice question)
E：對話交流及鼓勵互動(exchange conversation, encourage interaction)
D：直接、簡短和簡單句子(direct, short, simple sentences)
Source:失語症及相關神經性溝通障礙 p.20-25~20-26
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MSTK
#5911916
FOCUSED Caregiver Training
The FOCUSED caregiver training program was created by Ripich, Wykle, and Niles (1995) for nursing assistants working closely with patients with Alzheimer's disease. FOCUSED stands for the seven basic principles of the program:
F: Functional and face-to-face
O: Orient to topic
C: Continuity of topic--concrete topics
U: Unstick any communication blocks
S: Structure with yes/no and choice questions
E: Exchange conversation--encourage interaction
D: Direct, short, simple sentences
Communication goals over the three stages:
Stage 1: Maintain normal communication as much as possible. All 7 points in the FOCUSED program may benefit the patient and keep them engaged in the conversation. This could potentially have the added benefit of supporting morale and mental status in this early stage of the disease.
Stage II: At this stage, the communication of many Alzheimer's patients will be noticeably compromised, some more severely than others. All 7 points of the FOCUSED program are relevant, but it is especially important to continue with a typical pattern of conversational exchange (turn-taking). This shared interaction is crucial, even if it consists only of a head nod or eye contact, because it requires the cooperation of both partners and shows that the Alzheimer's patient it engaged in the interaction. This turn-taking should be continued and conversation still maintained even if the content is confused or fragmented, or if the topic is not followed.
Stage III: Nonverbal gestures, keywords written on cards, and pictures should be used to maintain communication at this stage. The FOCUSED program can still be used even when the patient has lost the ability to speak. It is at this stage that extra attention should be paid to using alternative forms of communication. Cards can be made with single key words written on them such as "bathroom," "tea," or hungry." Pantomime hand signals (like hands under head for "sleep") can also be used to reinforce meaning. Pictures of family members and events, such as a memory book, can also be effective at helping the patient maintain connections and may stimulate interaction. Like in stage 2, the patient's communication may be only a nod or smile, but even these small signals are a successful communication.
参考: http://caregivercommunication.weebly.com/focused-training.html
F: Functional and face-to-face
O: Orient to topic
C: Continuity of topic--concrete topics
U: Unstick any communication blocks
S: Structure with yes/no and choice questions
E: Exchange conversation--encourage interaction
D: Direct, short, simple sentences
Communication goals over the three stages:
Stage 1: Maintain normal communication as much as possible. All 7 points in the FOCUSED program may benefit the patient and keep them engaged in the conversation. This could potentially have the added benefit of supporting morale and mental status in this early stage of the disease.
Stage II: At this stage, the communication of many Alzheimer's patients will be noticeably compromised, some more severely than others. All 7 points of the FOCUSED program are relevant, but it is especially important to continue with a typical pattern of conversational exchange (turn-taking). This shared interaction is crucial, even if it consists only of a head nod or eye contact, because it requires the cooperation of both partners and shows that the Alzheimer's patient it engaged in the interaction. This turn-taking should be continued and conversation still maintained even if the content is confused or fragmented, or if the topic is not followed.
Stage III: Nonverbal gestures, keywords written on cards, and pictures should be used to maintain communication at this stage. The FOCUSED program can still be used even when the patient has lost the ability to speak. It is at this stage that extra attention should be paid to using alternative forms of communication. Cards can be made with single key words written on them such as "bathroom," "tea," or hungry." Pantomime hand signals (like hands under head for "sleep") can also be used to reinforce meaning. Pictures of family members and events, such as a memory book, can also be effective at helping the patient maintain connections and may stimulate interaction. Like in stage 2, the patient's communication may be only a nod or smile, but even these small signals are a successful communication.
参考: http://caregivercommunication.weebly.com/focused-training.html
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