49. Which of the following diagnosis due to failed back surgery is not able to get evident diagnostic support from MRI?
(A) lateral canal stenosis
(B) painful disk
(C) recurrent herniated nucleus pulposus
(D) SI joint pain
(E) MRI can help differential diagnois of all of the above causes of failed back surgery.

45. Which of following description about using anticonvulsants (used as Analgesic Drugs is "Correct"? (A) Most commonly used anticonvulsants as analgesics appear to work through potentiation of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels (B) Sodium channel subtype 1.4 &1.5 are highly expressed in neuronal cell and could be the drug target for anticonvulsant medication (C) Gabapentinoid (Gabapentin & Pregabalin) works on GABA receptor (D) Topiramate works only on voltage-gated sodium channel (E) Lamotrigine and Phenytoin work on voltage-gated sodium channels

46. Which of the folllowing medication has a greater and long term effect for palliation of pain than placebo in treating chronic low back pain? (A) bezodiazepaine (B) antidepressants (C) pregabalin (D) opioids (E) none of the above medications can offter a greater and lon-term analgesic effect

47. Which of following description about "antidepressant analgesic" is "Correct"? (A) In terms of treatment efficacy (smaller number needed to treat NNT), pregabalin is much better than tricyclic antidepressant and listed as first line therapy for neuropathic pain (B) In terms of treatment efficacy (smaller number needed to treat NNT), SSRI is better than SNRI for common neuropathic pain such as postherpetic neuralgia or painful diabetic polyneuropathy (C) Venlafaxine is effective for treatment of neuropathic pain associated with beast cancer. (D) For painful diabetic neuropathy, comparison of amitriptyline and pregabalin showed no difference in pain relief but fewer adverse effects with pregabalin. (E) All of above

48. Which one of the following statement about central pain is wrong? (A) Central pain involves plasticity in a single area of CNS. (B)Sensitization of the CNS plays a major role in central pain and involves neuronal hyper-excitability resulting in an increased response to synaptic inputs, decreased threshold, expansion of receptive fields, and access of low-threshold Aβ mechanoreceptors to pain pathways. (C) The clinical consequences of central pain are allodynia, hyperalgesia, and after-sensations. (D) Central sensitization may also include spontaneous discharges. (E) Spontaneous discharges in damaged pain pathways or deafferented rostral neurons may be responsible for spontaneous ongoing or intermittent pain.

50. 見下圖，不同的傷害性刺激 (熱、酸或化學性、機械性刺激、冷) 所興奮的表皮傷害性接受器 (1, 2, 3, 4)，可對應左側四組 A, B, C, D，按 1, 2, 3, 4 正確排列依序為： (A) A, B, C, D (B) A, C, B, D (C) B, C, A, D (D) C, B, D, A (E) D, C, B, A

1. 投擲某種不公正的硬幣一次，出現正面的機率為 ，反面為。若 同時投擲此種硬幣兩枚，則出 現一正一反的機率為何？ (A)(B) (C)(D)

2. 設二次函數 y= f(x)=ax2-bx+c的圖形與 x軸沒有交點，且方程式f (x)= 0 有一根的實部為 的值為何？ (A)(B) -4 (C) 4 (D)

3. 在 ABC中，已知 ∠C為直角， ∠A = ° 60 。 在上取一點 D ，使得平 分 ∠A。 若 = 4， 則 △ABC的面積為何？ (A) 8 (B)(C) 12 (D)

4. 坐標平面上，已知向量 = 20， 的長度為何？ (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 10

5. 坐標空間中有三點 A 、 B 、 C ，已知內積 = -2，外積 = -( 2,4,4)，試求△ABC 面積的值為何？ (A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 10