50.Which of the following is NOT a way to measure retirement?
(A) One’s job transition plan
(B) One’s sources of income
(C) One’s eligibility to receive retirement benefits
(D) One’s self-reported retirement status

46.The word “straightforward” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. (A) simple (B) ambiguous (C) complex (D) enigmatic

47.Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage? (A) Percentage of people who worked yet still received pension retirement income (B) Ways to measure retirement (C) Consequences of bridge employment (D) Definition of average age of retirement

48.The word “preclude” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. (A) result in (B) contribute to (C) rule out (D) equal to

49.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? (A) The change in labor force participation rates can indicate the change in retirement behavior. (B) A bridge job refers to part-time work people take after leaving a career but before retiring completely. (C) It is possible for people to get retirement benefits while they are still working. (D) Receipt of retirement benefits or pension income is required for continued employment.

1. 下列何種物質最容易自行通過細胞膜(plasma membrane)之脂質雙層(lipid bilayer)？ (A) 鈉離子(Na+) (B) 鉀離子(K+) (C) 氯離子(Cl－) (D) 甘油(glycerol)

2. 人體紅血球在何種溶液中會脫水而呈皺縮狀？(註：mOsm 即 milliosmolal，為滲透壓之單位) (A) 滲透莫耳濃度為 150 mOsm 之食鹽水 (B) 滲透莫耳濃度為 300 mOsm 之食鹽水 (C) 滲透莫耳濃度為 600 mOsm 之食鹽水 (D) 以上皆非

3. 神經細胞的細胞膜去極化(depolarization)可由下列哪一機制造成？ (A) 鈉通道(sodium channels)關閉 (B) 鈉通道打開 (C) 鉀通道(potassium channels)打開 (D) 鈉、鉀通道之開關，與去極化無關

4. 巴金森症(Parkinson’s disease)的病因往往是源自於哪一區塊的神經細胞受損？ (A) substantia nigra (B) brain stem (C) cerebellum (D) diencephalon

5. 側邊抑制(lateral inhibition)為下列何者最重要的作用機制？ (A) 偵測體感覺(somatic sensation)刺激的強度(intensity) (B) 藉由下行神經徑路(descending pathway)抑制周邊傳入的體感覺刺激訊息 (C) 降低刺激範圍內的感覺受器(sensory receptor)之閾值(threshold) (D) 精確定位體感覺刺激在體表的位置(site)

6. 一個聽覺及視覺都正常的人，卻聽不懂別人說的話，也看不懂別人寫的字，這個人最有可能是大腦的哪個部位出了 問題？ (A) 孛羅卡氏區(Broca's area) (B) 沃爾尼克氏區(Wernicke's area) (C) 弓狀束(the arcuate fasciculus) (D) 角回(the angular gyrus)