51.下列何種分析會量測quality-adjusted life years（QALYs）？
(A)cost-benefit analysis
(B)cost-effectiveness analysis
(C)cost-utility analysis
(D)cost-minimization analysis

以 「cost → intervention → outcome」的模型表示：

● CMA (cost-minimization analysis)：

    cost ($)→ intervention → outcome (相同藥效)

● CBA (cost-benefit analysis)：

    cost ($)→ intervention → outcome ($)

● CEA (cost-effectiveness analysis)：

    cost ($)→ intervention → outcome (natural health unit)

● CUA (cost-utility analysis)：

    cost ($)→ intervention → outcome (生活品質 [考量人性化])

Cost-effectiveness Analysis quantifies the gains, or setbacks, in population health as a result of a particular policy or intervention. The gains are typically measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), representing a weighted combination of mortality and morbidity effects of an intervention. 

Ref: Cost-effectiveness analysis for health interventions

https://www.who.int/heli/economics/costeffanalysis/en/

69 一個降血壓藥品若進行藥物經濟學分析，最後呈現的結果是每降低 1 mmHg 血壓需要花費的成本，則該分析是何種分析？
(A) Cost-benefit analysis
(B) Cost-utility analysis
(C) Cost-effectiveness analysis
(D) Cost-minimization analysis .