51. The design of a syllabus for language testing encompasses both the scope and sequence of instruction. Which of the following syllabi would be used for classes focusing on skimming and scanning?
(A) vocabulary-based
(B) functional-notional
(C) content-based
(D) skill-based

76. (A) against (B) alongside (C) beyond (D) despite

77. (A) in essence (B) in response (C) in contrast (D) in theory

78. (A) zap up (B) ward off (C) interfere with (D) result in

79. (A) adapting to (B) adhering to (C) succumbing to (D) failing to

80. (A) Conformism (B) Criticism (C) Dogmatism (D) Altruism

81. According to the passage, which of the following is accurate about undersea brine pools? (A) They emit hydrocarbons that can potentially endanger marine creatures. (B) They are virtually devoid of oxygen that render them uninhabitable. (C) Their extreme saltiness inhabits the survival of many living organisms. (D) Their volatile temperatures can cause most organisms to become extinct.

82. Which of the following best summarizes the environmental concern related to brine pools? (A) Removing resources from the deep sea may lead to significant ecosystem disruptions. (B) Their salt concentration is gradually intensifying due to climate change. (C) They are one of the main contributing factors to ongoing rise in sea levels. (D) They promote overpopulation of extremophile species by creating favorable conditions.

83. What is the author’s overall tone toward undersea brine pools? (A) Alarmist and cautionary. (B) Neutral and exploratory. (C) Cynical and dismissive. (D) Ambitious and critical.

84. Which statement best captures the gist of the passage? (A) Undersea brine pools are beautiful but ultimately insignificant features of the ocean floor. (B) Undersea brine pools are the main source of methane used in energy production. (C) Undersea brine pools demonstrate the extreme conditions under which life can exist in spite of challenges. (D) Undersea brine pools are hazardous zones that should be permanently sealed off.

85. Which of the following statements could logically be added to the end of the passage without disrupting its flow? (A) There is a need for international legislation to govern and safeguard deep-sea exploration. (B) Tourism to brine pools should be encouraged to boost awareness and economic development. (C) The undersea brine pool crisis is likely to emerge into public discourse due to its exposure on social media. (D) Sustained exploration of these environments could deepen our comprehension of life’s boundaries. 

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