試題詳解

58、 A 68-year-old businessman was scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. He had history of coronary artery disease and rheumatic heart disease with moderate mitral regurgitation. Preoperative cardiac evaluation showed ejection fraction of 40%. In consideration of anesthnetic care, which one is least appropriate?
(A) Pre-operative preload augmentation
(B) Nitroglycerin can be chosen to correct the reduction of cardiac output secondary to an increase of systemic vascular resistance.
(C) Increased afterload is a major contributor to the altered hemodynamics seen during pneumoperitoneum
(D) Normalization of hemodynamic is immediate soon after operation was completed
(E) Accentuated vagal stimulation should be considered in patient taking β-blockers.