8. The metabolic function of the pentose phosphate pathway is to?
(A) act as a source of ADP biosynthesis.
(B) participate in oxidation-reduction reactions during the formation of H2O.
(C) provide intermediates for the citric acid cycle.
(D) generate NADPH and pentoses for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and nucleic acids.
(E) synthesize phosphorus pentoxide.

4. The catalytic mechanism below is an example of: (A) covalent nucleophilic catalysis. (B) covalent electrophilic catalysis. (C) specific base catalysis. (D) general base catalysis. (E) general acid catalysis.

5. Which statement below about contrasting Hb and Mb is   false  ? (A) Hb shows sigmoidal, whereas Mb shows hyperbolic oxygen saturation curves. (B) Hb shows cooperativity, whereas Mb does not. (C) Hb binds O2 more tightly than Mb. (D) Oxygen binds to a ferrous ion in both proteins. (E) Hb-oxygen binding is dependent on physiological changes in pH, whereas Mb-oxygen binding is not.

6. Which of the following statements regarding enzyme regulation is   true  ? (A) The conversion of trypsinogen to trypsin is an example of zymogen activation. (B) Allosteric effectors are always more powerful than covalent modification. (C) Addition of an inhibitor to a reaction system results in kinetics similar to addition of a competitive inhibitor to a typical hyperbolic system. (D) The T state of an enzyme generally has more activity than the R state. (E) All are true.

7. Which statement regarding glycogen and its metabolism is   correct  ? 　 1. Highly branched glycogen is less soluble than unbranched glycogen. 　 2. Having more ends effectively increases the rate of glycogen synthesis and breakdown. 　 3. To enter glycolysis, glucose-1-phosphate must undergo isomerization to glucose-6-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase. 　 4. To replenish glucose in the bloodstream, glucose-1-phosphate must be hydrolyzed to free glucose by glucose-1-phosphatase. (A) 1, 2, and 3 are correct. (B) 2, 3, and 4 are correct. (C) 1, 2, and 4 are correct. (D) All are correct. (E) None is correct.

9. Which one has ether bond rather than ester bond? (A) Phosphotidylcholine (B) Phosphotidylserine (C) Plasmalogen (D) Phosphotidylethanolamine (E) Sphingomyosin

10. Which one is the basic unit for the synthesis of cholesterol? (A) Malonyl-CoA (B) Serine (C) Palmitoyl-coA (D) Isoprene (E) L-glycerol 3-phosphate

11. How does a bear obtain the most of water during its hibernation? (A) Glucose oxidation (B) Fat oxidation (C) Fatty acid synthesis (D) Glycogen breakdown (E) Urine and feces

12. Which one is   not   the product of glycerophospholipid breakdown as signal molecules? (A) Arachidonic acid (B) Lysophosphatidic acid (C) Diacylglycerol (D) Inositol phosphates, including inositol-1,4,5-triPhosphate (E) Palmitate

13. Which one is   not  the difference between fatty acid breakdown and biosynthesis? (A) Intermediates linked to -SH groups of acyl carrier proteins (B) Synthesis in cytosol； breakdown in mitochondria (C) Synthesis are dependent on the fatty acid synthase. (D) Biosynthesis uses NADPH/NADP+； breakdown uses NADH/NAD*. (E) Biosynthesis in ER； breakdown in cytosol.

14. Which one proceeds with a oxidation? (A) Palmitic acid (16:0) (B) Lenoleic acid (C) Phytanic acid (D) Eicosapentaenoic acid (E) Long chain odd number lipid