8. What type of specialized junction connects epithelial cells lining the renal tubules?
(A) tight junctions
(B) desmosomes
(C) gap junctions
(D) intercalated disks

4. Which of the following cells of the pancreas secrete insulin? (A) exocrine cells (B) alpha cells (C) beta cells (D) delta cells

5. A biologist discovers two populations of wolf spiders whose members appear identical. Members of one population are found in the leaf litter deep within the woods. Members of the other population are found in the grass at the edge of the woods. The biologist decides to designate the members of the two populations as two separate species. Which species concept is this biologist most closely utilizing? (A) phylogenetic (B) ecological (C) Physiological (D) morphological

6. Which group includes members that are important primary producers in ocean food webs, causes red tides that kill many fish, and may even be carnivorous? (A) ciliates (B) apicomplexans (C) dinoflagellates (D) brown algae

7. The blastopore denotes the presence of an endoderm-lined cavity in the developing embryo, a cavity that is  known as the (A) archenteron. (B) blastula. (C) coelom. (D) blastocoel. .

9. In both males and females, gonadotropin secretion by the anterior pituitary is stimulated by (A) GnRH. (B) FSH. (C) GHRH. (D) androgens.

10. The corpus luteum is maintained for the first 10 weeks of pregnancy by (A) progesterone. (B) estrogen. (C) hCG. (D) LH.

11. Which of the following is an autoimmune disease in which myelinated neurons become the target of the immune response? (A) rheumatoid arthritis (B) myasthenia gravis (C) multiple sclerosis (D) diabetes mellitus

12. The reason older persons are more sensitive to sun exposure and more likely to get sunburned is that with age (A) glandular activity declines. (B) skin thickness decreases. (C) melanocyte activity declines. (D) vitamin D3 production declines. 

複選題13. Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells? (A) simple diffusion (B) phagocytosis (C) active transport pumps (D) facilitated diffusion

14. The structure of a protein that contains two or more polypeptides is the (A) primary structure. (B) secondary structure. (C) tertiary structure. (D) quaternary structure.