8. Which of the following thermodynamics statements is (are) correct? (AB) A closed system cannot exchange energy with the surroundings. (AC) The work done by a construction worker. weighing 60 kg, who climbs to the roof a 50-m tall building is about 29 kJ. (AD) Asystem at lower temperature has a greater intemal energy than the same system at a higher temperature. (AE) The internal energy of molecules is stored only as molecular potential energy. (BC) The total motional contribution to the molar internal energy of gascous H₂O at 25℃is 7.43 kJ/mol. (BD) The equipartition theorem states that every degree of freedom that appears only quadratically in the total energy contributes R to the system's heat capacity.

複選題4. Which of the following kinetics statements is (are) correct? (AB) If the rate of a reaction increases by a factor of 8 when the concentration of a reactant increases by a factor of 2. the order of the reaction with respect to this reactant is 4. (AC) Decomposition of nitrous oxide is a zero-order reaction. (AD) The rate law of a reaction can be predicted from reaction stoichiometry. (AE) The rate law of a zeroth-order reaction is rate = k. (BC) An enzyme-catalyzed reaction may appear to be zero-order if the number of enzyme molecules in the reaction is limited in relation to substrate molecules. (BD) Even complex biological processes may exhibit Arhenius behavior within certain temperature ranges.

複選題5. Which of the following processes result(s) in an increase in entropy? (AB) Expanding I mol of oxygen gas isothermally to twice its original volume. (AC) Doubling the pressure of I mol of nitrogen gas isothermally. (AD) Compressing I mol of nitrogen gas isothermally to half of its original volume. (AE) Increasing the temperature of I mol of argon gas at constant pressure. (BC) Freezing the crystal of 1 g of Nacl. (BD) Water of 1 mL. losing cnergy reversibly at 25℃.

複選題6. Which of the following statements is (are) correct? (AB) Boron is not a metalloid. (AC) In quantum systems. as the mass of the particle in a one-dimensional box becomes larger. the separation between neighboring energy levels decreases. (AD) The total number of orbitals in a shell with principal quantum number 4 is 8. (AE) The total number of nodal planes present in the orbitals having the set of quantum numbcrs n=3 and (=2 is 10. (BC) The probability of finding an electron at the nucleus in a p-orbital is zero. (BD) The zero-point energy in 1.3.5.7-octatetraene is larger than in 1.3-butadiene.

複選題7. The reaction of NO with Clz proceeds in a fixed container as follows.Which of the following statements is (are) correct? (AB) The forward rate cquals the reverse rate when the reaction is in equilibrium. (AC) The reaction rate is determined by the collision between NO(g) and Cl2(g) molecules. (AD) Increasing the concentration of Cl2(g) will increase the reaction rate. (AE) Removing NOCI(g) from the reaction mixture will increase the reaction rate. (BC) The reaction is a second-order reaction. (BD) The unit of k in the rate law of the reaction is L/mol-s. if the concentration of the reactant is expressed in mol/L and the rate in mol/L-s.

複選題9. A particle trapped inside a one-dimensional box (AB) is likely to be found at one position than another in classical systems. (AC) cannot moves at any speed within the box in classical systems. (AD) only occupy certain energy levels if the box size is on the scale of a few nanometers. (AE) can have zero energy if the box size is on the scale of a few nanom meters. (BC) may never be detected at certain positions if the box size is on the scale of a few nanometers. (BD) resuits in four wavelengths equaling the size of the box for n=4. if the box size is on the scale of a few nanomcters.

複選題1.Regarding to the genetic material of bacteria and viruses, which statements is/are CORRECT? (A) Bacterial transformation provided the first evidence that DNA is the genetic material of bacteria. (B) The discovery of bacterial transformation was from the study of Streptococcus pneumonia of which the virulence is determined by its polysaccharide capsule. (C) Streptococcus preumonia without capsule (rough appearance) can kill mice by causing pneumonia. (D) The genetic material of viruses can be DNA or RNA. (E) RNA is the genetic material of some viruses that infect human.

複選題2.Regarding to the structure of DNA, which statements is/are CORRECT? (A) In the Watson-Crick model, two polynucleotide chains running in opposite directions, called antiparallel. (B) The two strands of DNA are wound around each other to form a regular A-form double helical structure. (C) Supercoiling can occur only if the DNA has no free ends. (D) Eukaryotic chromatin consists of nucleosome. A nucleosome contains DNA associated with a histone octamer. (E) Nucleosomal DNA is divided into core DNA and linker DNA. The core DNA has length approximately 200 bp.

複選題3. Which statements is/are CORRECT in regard to the synthesis and expression of genctic information? (A) DNA acts as the template to synthesize RNA by transcription. (B) RNA can act as the template to synthesize DNA by reverse transcription. (C) Both transcription and reverse transcription are accomplished by RNA polymerase. (D) DNA replication requires DNA polymerase to copy DNA from DNA. (E) Translation uses mRNA to synthesize polypeptide (protein), this process is irreversible.

複選題4. Which statements is/are CORRECT in regard to DNA replication in bacteria? (A) Bacterial genome is usually a single circular replicon. (B) DNA replication is conservative. (C) Multi-forked chromosomes are often generated in fast-growing bacterial cells. (D) Multi-forked chromosomes are often generated in slow-growing bacterial cells. (E) Hemi-methylated DNA cannot undergo replication initiation.

複選題5. Which statements is/are CORRECT in regard to DNA replication in eukaryotes? (A) A eukaryotic chromosome contains many replicons. (B) All the replicons in a chromosome are simultaneously active. (C) Different DNA polymerases are responsible for the synthesis of leading strand and lagging strand. (D) Linear chromosomal DNA has the problem of incomplete replication at the 5'-end. (E) Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) is inactivated in the S phase of cell cycle for replication to occur.