題組內容
一、下面是 John J.Mearsheimer於2019年在著名國際關係期刊上發表文章的摘要,請先閱讀再回答以下問題。
The liberal intemational order, erected after the Cold War, was crumbling by 2019. It was flawed from the
start and thus destined to fail. The spread of liberal democracy around the globe--essential for building that
order--faced strong resistance because of nationalism, which emphasizes self-determination. Some targeted
states also resisted U.S. efforts to promote liberal democracy for security-related reasons. Additionally,
problems arose because a liberal order calls for states to delegate substantial decisionmaking authority to
international institutions and to allow refugees and immigrants to move easily across borders. Modern
nation-states privilege sovereignty and national identity, however, which guarantees trouble when institutions
become powerful and borders porous. Furthermore, the hyperglobalization that is integral to the liberal order
creates economic problems among the lower and middle classes within the liberal democracies, fueling a
backlash against that order. Finally, the liberal order accelerated China's rise, which helped transform the
system from unipolar to multipolar. A liberal international order is possible only in unipolarity. The new
multipolar world will feature three realist orders: a thin international order that facilitates cooperation, and
two bounded orders--one dominated by China, the other by the United States--poised for waging security
competition between them.
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