(1) The theory of mineral nutrients in plants. (5 points).

(1) Explain the definition of a beneficial element. (5 points)

(2) Explain the possible reasons why tea plants are not affected by aluminum toxicity. (5 points)

(1) List five types of antenna pigments. (5 points)

(2) What is the first product of carbon fixation in C3 and C4 plants? (5 points)

(2) Fertilizer burn. (5 points)

II. Essay Questions: Please answer these questions in Chinese.English answers will not be scored.(請以中文作 答。英文作答不予計分。) 1. Describe in brief how national self-determination has been defined by the United Nations (5%), and introduce how sovereign countries have dealt with national self-determination after the end of the Cold War. (20%)

2. In the discipline "International Political Economy," there are a few explanations as to why the South has always been inferior to the North in terms of political and economic influence. Please identify and elaborate on them. (25%)

3. In the post-Cold War era, there are two cases with the security concerns resulting from "divided countries." They are: China (Republic of China and People's Republic of China) and Korea (Republic of Korea and Democratic People's Republic of Korea). Please use one of these cases to illustrate what theory or theories of international relations could better account for the current state of security in the chosen case and why. (25%)

(一) rule of exhaustion of local remedies

(二) non-refoulement of refugee