申論題

一、克漏字出題 ：
說明：請仔細閱讀以下文章後（＊無需改寫＊），設計符合大考趨勢、五題四選一的克漏字選擇題，並附上正確答案。
＊請直接在答案卷上的文章上標記挖空處，並在答案卷上設計選項並標注正確答案。

      Japan is dealing with a problem that’s just starting to sweep the world—an aging population combined with a shrinking work force. Therefore, aged Japanese are now being encouraged to work longer in life. By so doing, it is hoped that Japan’s government will save its increasingly burdened pension (i.e. payment received after retirement) system from going bankrupt. In2000, the Japanese could get a full pension from the government at 60. But starting from 2025, they won’t get any until they are65. What’s more, premiums paid by workers every month are set to rise while payouts they get after retirement fall.
      To help workers to cope with this, Japan passed a law that requires companies to raise their retirement age from 60 to 65 or rehire their retired workers. The policy is a strain for employers. In a country where forced layoffs are a last resort, large companies traditionally have relied on retirement to reduce payrolls. They were just about to enjoy a big cut in personnel costs because of the mass retirement of Japan’s baby boomers. These people born between 1947 and 1949 make up 5.2 million members of the work force. Consequently, there has been much opposition from corporations to the new retirement law. A recent survey suggests that large corporations hesitate in raising their retirement ages. And, unlike the U.S., Japan has no law against discrimination based on age. Violators of the new law would face only “administrative guidance,” not penalties. Such resistance is hurting the effectiveness of the policy, which may thus prolong the aging problem.