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       Research shows that trade openness can increase women’s incomes and consumption. Eliminating import tariffs raises the average real income for female-headed households compared with male-headed households in more than three-quarters of the 54 developing economies analyzed. On average, real income gains reaped by removing import tariffs would be 2.5 percent greater for households headed by women than for those headed by men. In countries such as Burkina Faso and Cameroon, this increase is equivalent to one year’s spending on education or health.
       Opening up to trade therefore benefits women in developing economies because it expands the sectors where women work, reduces prices for the goods women consume, and allows firms that are more productive to grow. Increased competition generated by trade also makes it costlier to discriminate against women, which narrows the wage gap and improves working conditions for women.

詳解 (共 1 筆)

詳解 提供者：nomi
Research shows that trade openness can increase women’s incomes and consumption. Eliminating import tariffs raises the average real income for female-headed households compared with male-headed households in more than three-quarters of the 54 developing economies analyzed. On average, real income gains reaped by removing import tariffs would be 2.5 percent greater for households headed by women than for those headed by men. In countries such as Burkina Faso and Cameroon, this increase is equivalent to one year’s spending on education or health.
       Opening up to trade therefore benefits women in developing economies because it expands the sectors where women work, reduces prices for the goods women consume, and allows firms that are more productive to grow. Increased competition generated by trade also makes it costlier to discriminate against women, which narrows the wage gap and improves working conditions for women.
研究表明，貿易開放可以提高女性的收入和消費。在分析的54個發展中經濟體中，超過四分之三的經濟體中，取消進口關稅使女性戶主家庭的平均實際收入高於男性戶主家庭。平均而言，取消進口關稅後，女性戶主家庭的實際收入增幅將比男性戶主家庭高出2.5%。在布吉納法索和喀麥隆等國，這增加幅度相當於一年的教育或醫療支出。
因此，貿易開放使發展中經濟體的女性受益，因為它擴大了女性就業的行業，降低了女性消費品的價格，並使生產力更高的企業得以發展。貿易帶來的競爭加劇也使歧視女性的成本更高，從而縮小了薪資差距，並改善了女性的工作條件。