申論題

二、英翻中(30%)(請以中文做答)
     There is concern among national regulators and policymakers and the Standards-Setting Bodies regarding the large-scale termination or restriction of relationships and lines of business by banks seeking to avoid (rather than to continuously manage) the relevant compliance, operational, and reputational risks as envisaged under the proportionate and risk-based approaches of global standards. The scope and drivers of the phenomenon- referred to by banks as "'de-risking"--are complex and relevant aspects have not yet been fully studied and publicly documented. At the same time, the effects on affected communities and counties could not only undermine financial inclusion but also potentially hold broader implications for the global financial system and for poverty reduction and economic development efforts.
     De-risking is tied in part to concerns about money laundering, terrorist financing, and sanctions. However, key stakeholders describe a much more complex dynamic involving profitability concerns (which in turn are affected by prudential and market conduct issues) and integrity issues. In addition to potential bank correspondent withdrawal, concerns over terminations of business relationships have also been raised in relation to a range of financial inclusion relevant customers, notably cross-border remittance providers and humanitarian organizations.