申論題

二、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:（35 分）  In Brazil, soccer was initially played among elite clubs behind closed doors. Blacks were excluded. Outside the confines of formal championships, however, the sport was quickly taken up as a game played in abandoned lots, meadows and urban gaps. Balls were improvised, fields were improvised, and the game was fertile ground for the spirit of improvisation.  No other activity brought over from Europe took root so widely and so immediately. This resulted in an imaginative style of play that made competition and gratifying playfulness inseparable, with blacks and people of mixed race rising from exclusion and becoming its main protagonists. This style of play took over the championships and official clubs in the 1930s and gained international recognition for the first time during the 1938 World Cup. At the time, the sociologist Gilberto Freyre believed soccer confirmed his own thesis, explored in two classic tomes on Brazilian culture, “The Masters and the Slaves” and “The Mansions and the Shanties.”  Brazilian soccer style transformed the “British and Apollonian” game into “Dionysian dance”; straight and angular European soccer became sinuous and curving as it took on the body movements of samba dancers and the martial art dancers and fighters of Brazilian capoeira. Freyre saw in it an affirmation of a tropical and mestizo culture that would enable it to reverse the stigmas of a heritage of slavery.