四、冷凍系統中壓縮機吸入冷媒壓力過低，其可能的原因與處理之對策為 何？請試述之。（20 分）

一、離心式泵與齒輪式泵的特性關係，請就(一)水頭與排量，(二)轉速與水頭， (三)轉速與排量，(四)水頭與所需功率，(五)轉速與所需功率，分別試述之。 （20 分）

二、真空沸騰式造水機中的真空度過高或過低有何不良影響？如要保持足 夠持續的真空度的條件為何？請分別試述之。（20 分）

三、船舶用兩段式往復式空壓機系統中有那些部分需要冷卻及其作用好處 為何？請試述之。（20 分）

五、請將下列英文譯成中文：（20 分） This sewage treatment plant consists of a tank with three main compartments: aeration compartment, settling tank（clarification）compartment, chlorination and discharge compartment. Chlorination and discharge tank water from the clarification section is mixed with disinfectants（sodium hypochlorite）and is sterilized. The compartment has float operated switches which activate the effluent pump discharge when the high level is reached and stop the pump when the compartment is nearly empty. Chemical dosing is by tablets added to the basket in the chamber and these dissolve slowly when in contact with the water in the chamber as the water level rises.

五、請將下列英文翻譯成中文。 （20 分）The Port State Control Officer (PSCO) ensures compliance with Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 by assessing oil residues, sludge and bilge water holding tanks, and the efficiency of the oily water separator. The PSCO reviews the Oil Record Book to verify proper disposal and usage of reception facilities, noting any inadequacies. Ships must maintain improved sludge systems to store and dispose of oil residues in line with international standards. The PSCO checks the effectiveness of onboard oil filtering systems and related equipment for compliance. The inspection now includes automated monitoring systems to track oil discharges and sludge processing in real time. By enforcing these regulations, authorities aim to protect marine ecosystems and promote sustainable maritime operations.

四、以主機缸套冷卻水作為加熱海水淡化裝置的工作流體，請詳述在啟動和停用時，主機工作系統應特別注意那些問題？（20 分）

三、請詳述造成空氣壓縮機（Air Compressor）的出口排氣溫度過高的原因為 何？（20 分）

二、船用泵（Pump）是屬於流體機械（Fluid Machinery）的一種，其中離心泵 （Centrifugal Pump）廣泛使用於輪船機艙中，請以流量（Flow Rate）與揚程（Head）試述離心泵的結構種類和適用的工作場域。（20 分）

一、伯努利方程式（Bernoulli’s Equation, BE）與雷諾數（Reynolds Number, Re） 為兩個應用流體力學的重要內容，請分別詳述 Re 所代表的物理意義和 BE 的基本原理並分析討論其流體流動時兩者之間的關聯性。 （20 分）

五、請將下列專業英文翻譯成中文。（20 分）Controllable pitch propellers are normally fitted to a flanged tail shaft as the operating mechanism is housed in the propeller boss. As its name implies, it is possible to alter the pitch of this type of propeller to change ship speed or to adjust to the prevailing resistance conditions. This change in pitch is effected by rotating the blades about their vertical axes, either by hydraulic or mechanical means. A shaft generator can be driven at constant speed while allowing at the same time a change of ship’s speed through the propeller. Since it is normally possible to reverse the pitch completely, this type of propeller is used with a unidirectional engine to give full ahead or astern thrust, when maneuvering.

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