第一題：【中翻英】在古代因為運輸本身的風險性質，商業乃是一種高成本的投資努力，因此也都侷限於地方性的市場。後來因為運輸系統的改善，商業始能漸漸擴張。在中古時期，遠距及大規模的商業活動仍然侷限於各大洲之內。然而，隨著探險時代及海洋船艦的來臨，商業就進入國際化及跨洲的型態。當前，在可靠的國際跨洋運輸、郵務系統以及網際網路的加持之下，使得座落在世界任何角落的城市、地區或國家，都可以進行商業貿易。【20 分】

第二題：【英翻中】Businesses often have important “intellectual property” that needs protection from competitors for the company to stay profitable. This could require patents, copyrights, trademarks, or preservation of trade secrets. Most businesses have names, logos, and similar branding techniques that could benefit from trademarking. Patents and copyrights in the United States are largely governed by federal law, while trade secrets and trademarking are mostly a matter of state law. Because of the nature of intellectual property, a business needs protection in every jurisdiction in which they are concerned about competitors. Many countries are signatories to international treaties concerning intellectual property, and thus companies registered in these countries are subject to national laws bound by these treaties.【20 分】

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