4. Oxygen is essential for life. We know well that plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis. It is estimated that 50-80% of the oxygen production on Earth comes from the oceans, and roughly the same amount is consumed by the marine life.

1. Since the industrial revolution, humans have released a lot of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, largely by the burning of fossil fuels. Oceans absorb about 30% of the human released carbon dioxide. However, another 30% of the human released carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere, causing the global warming.

The oceans cover 70% of the earth surface, and one kilogram of the seawater contains about 35g of salt. The average depth of the oceans is about 3,700m. The deepest part of the ocean, the Challenger Deep, with a depth of 10,929m is located in the western Pacific Ocean.

3.Rapid increases in sea surface temperatures are increasing the frequency of coral bleaching events. Coral bleaching leads to losses of coral cover, dramatic changes to coral community composition, and even rapid reorganization of coral-reef-fish communities.

5. Plastic is a very stable man-made product. The sources of plastic wastes in the oceans are very diverse and include riverine and atmospheric inputs, illegal dumping activities, and direct at-sea littering from shipping, fishing and aquaculture activities.

110年 - 110 國立中山大學_碩士暨碩士專班招生考試_部分碩士班:科學英文#104415