申論題

二、Please translate the 10 underlined words:

DNA damage and mutation have different biological (1)   consequences  . While most DNA damages can undergo DNA repair, such repair is not 100% (2)   efficient  . Un-repaired DNA damages (3)   accumulate   in non-replicating cells, such as cells in the brains or (4)   muscles   of adult mammals, and can cause (5) aging. In (6) replicating cells, such as cells lining the colon, (7)   errors   occur upon replication pass damages in the template strand of DNA or during repair of DNA damages. These errors can give rise to mutations or epigenetic (8)   alterations  . Both of these types of alteration can be replicated and passed on to (9)   subsequent   cell generations. These alterations can change gene function or regulation of gene expression and possibly (10)   contribute   to progression to cancer.

7. errors