a.Compute nominal GDP, real GDP, and the GDP deflator for each year, using 2013 as the base year.

二、根據實質景氣循環模型（real business cycle model），請畫圖說明負面的供給面衝擊， 例如惡劣的氣候、油價攀升等， (一)如何影響生產函數？（4 分）

(二)如何影響勞動需求曲線？（4 分）

(三)勞動供給曲線的斜率是否會影響衝擊發生後的價格、實質工資、就業和產出水準？（8 分）

(四)請說明有那些對於實質景氣循環的批評。（9 分）

b. Compute the percentage change in nominal GDP, real GDP, and the GDP deflator in 2014 and 2015 from the preceding year.

c.Did economic well-being rise more in 2014 or2015? Explain.

a. There is only one bank, and the bank decides not to make a loan with its excess reserves.

b. There is only one bank, and the band decides to make a loan for the full amount of its excess reserves.

c.There are many banks, all of which make loans for the full amount of their excess reserves.

3. You are hired as the consultant to a monopolistically competitive firm. The firm reports the following information about its price, marginal cost, and average total cost. Can the firm possibly be maximizing profit? If not, what should it do to increase profit? If the firm is profit maximizing, is the firm in a long-run equilibrium? If not, what happen to restore long-run equilibrium? (12%) a.P<MC，P>ATC b.P>MC，P<ATC c.P= MC，P>ATC d.P>MC，P=ATC