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V. Please read the following article which presents both advantages and limitations of virtual travel. Do you think it is an effective way to balance exploration and conservation? Write an essay of about 200 words, expressing your opinions and reflections. Support your ideas with specific reasons, examples, or personal experience.                     Can Virtual Travel Replace In-person Tourism?       Travel has long been valued as a way to discover new places, encounter different cultures, and experience the beauty of nature. Yet modern tourism also creates serious problems. In many populardestinations, large numbers of visitors put pressure on local communities, damage natural habitats,and contribute to pollution. As a result, people have started to ask whether there are more responsibleways to make exploration accessible without exploitation.      One possible answer is virtual travel. With the help of digital technology, live-streaming devices, or remotely operated cameras, people can observe distant places without physically goingthere. Supporters believe this method may reduce the harmful effects of overtourism while still allowing people to learn about natural environments and cultural sites. It may also give access tothose who cannot travel casily because of age, cost, time, or physical condition.      In addition, virtual travel may serve educational purposes. Students can use it to study geography, wildlife, or environmental issues in a more direct and engaging fashion. Some also arguethat such experiences can inspire people to care more about conservation by helping them see fragile places without disturbing them.      However, not everyone is convinced that virtual travel through a screen is a satisfying substitute for in-person tourism. Using a phone, flying a drone, and watching a destination is very differentfrom actually being there, interacting with local people, and experiencing the atmosphere first-hand. Critics also point out that travel is not only about seeing; it is also about human connection, culturalunderstanding, and personal growth. These are difficult to reproduce through technology alone.     For this reason, virtual travel may be best seen not as a permanent replacement for traditional travel, but as an alternative approach to exploring the world. Whether it can truly balance explorationand conservation remains open to debate.

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14.李老師多年來在偏鄉國中與同事以教育部活化教學等計畫,致力於提升弱勢學生學習成效;今年為結婚而請 調至市區某.國中,發現學生社經背景良好且學業成就表現穩定,但校長領導忽略導入新理念,教師亦不積極敘入教學革新。請問依據L. Stoll的理論,該市區國中屬於何種學校文化? (A)逡巡式學校(有效但退步) (B)漫步式學校(缺乏效果與改革結果) (C)掙扎式學校(無效但有改進) (D)沉淪式學校(無效且退步) .

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