複選題

2. Which of the following enzymes are required in DNA replication of prokaryotes?
(A) DNA gyrase
(B) Helicase
(C) Methyltransferase
(D) Primase
(E)DNA ligase

8. Which of the following statements regarding telomere is not correct? (A) Telomere lies at the end of a chromosome. (B) Each telomere consists of a long series of short, tandemly repeated sequences. (C) Telomerase is a large ribonucleoprotein with a templating RNA and a protein with catalytic activity. (D) Ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) can be used to immortalize primary cells. (E) hTERT is often down-regulated in rapidly dividing stem cells.

9. Which of the following statements regarding introns is not correct? (A) Introns are removed when primary transcript is processed to give mature RNA. (B) Intron junctions are defined by the GU-AG rule: starts with the dinucleotide GU and ends with the dinucleotide AG. (C) As genome size increases, the tendency is for exons to become large and introns remain small. (D) Aptamers can be used to control intron splicing. (E) Many animal micro RNA (miRNA) genes are located in introns of protein-coding genes.

10. Which of the following statements regarding p53 is not correct? (A) It is a tumor suppressor. (B) It is a DNA-binding protein. (C) It is a stable protein with half-life of several hours. (D) Its activation can lead to cell cycle arrest. (E) It can activate apoptosis.

1. Which of the followings is NOT a component of DNA? (A) Ribose (B) Base A, T, C, or G (C) 5'-phosphate group (D) 3' hydroxyl group (E) Deoxyribose

3. Which of the following protein(s) or organelle(s) is NOT involved in proteolysis pathway? (A) Peroxisome (B) Lysosome (C) Proteasome (D) Ubiquitin (E)Mitochondria

4. What is the final 3-carbon product of the glycolytic pathway in cytoplasm? (A)Oxaloacetate (B)Pyruvate (C)a-ketoglutarate (D)Succinate (E) Malate

5. Which of the followings are NOT included in eukaryotic mRNA processing? (A) 5'-capping (B) RNA editing (C) 3' polyadenylation (D) Splicing (E) 5'-triphosphate

複選題6. Which of the following statements regarding "Protein Synthesis" are CORRECT? (A)Ribosomes use the information carried by mRNA to make proteins. (B) Proteins are linear polymers made from amino acids. Most proteins fold into complex 3D structures. (C) Each amino acid in a protein is encoded by three bases in the DNA or RNA sequence. (D) In protein synthesis, the anticodon of rRNA recognizes the codon on mRNA by base pairing. (E) Since the genetic code is read in groups of three bases, any nucleic acid sequence contains three possible reading frames.

複選題7. Which of the following statements regarding "Mitochondria and ATP" are CORRECT? (A) Mitochondria use energy extracted from the chemical bonds of nutrients to generate a proton gradient across the inner membrane. (B) Energetic electrons donated by NADH and FADH2 drive an electron transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (C) Mitochondria synthesizes of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. (D) Glycolysis also produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. (E)Citric acid cycle of energy-yielding reactions occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

複選題8. Some small molecules that carry signals inside living cells are called second messengers. Which of the followings are second messenger(s)? (A) Calcium (Ca2+) (B) Cyclic GMP (cGMP) (C) Nitric oxide (D) Potassium (K+) (E) Cyclic AMP (CAMP)