15. The word "They" in line 18 refers to
(A) mothers
(B) investigators
(C) babies
(D) words

11. Why does the author mention a bell and a rattle in lines 4-5 ? (A) To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds (B) To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry (C) To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds (D) To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like

12. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections in lines 7-8 ? (A) To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions (B) To illustrate that a six-week-old baby can already distinguish some language differences (C) To provide an example of ways adults speak to babies (D) To give a reason for babies' difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another

13. The word "diverse" in line 14 is closest in meaning to (A) surrounding (B) divided (C) different (D) stimulating

14.. The word"noted" in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) theorized (B) requested (C) disagreed (D) observed

16. The passage mentions all of the following as ways adults modify their speech when talking to babies EXCEPT (A) giving all words equal emphasis (B) speaking with shorter sentences (C) speaking more loudly than normal (D) using meaningless sounds

17. The word "emphasize" in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) stress (B) repeat (C) explain (D) leave out

18. Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 2 ? (A) Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language. (B) Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways. (C) Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language. (D) The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.

19. What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire language? (A) Babies begin to understand words in songs. (B) Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions. (C) Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults. (D) Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.

20. According to the author, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot understand them? (A) They understand the rhythm. (B) They enjoy the sound. (C) They can remember them easily. (D) They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.

21. The author's main point in paragraph 1 is that clay deposits (A) conceal layers of rock (B) can be found in various places (C) are usually small (D) must be removed from construction sites