What can maximize language learning?
(A) active engagement
(B) self-directed exploration
(C) purposeful manipulation
(D) all of the above

What is true about skilled and unskilled writers? (A) Skilled writers tend to focus on the mechanics of writing. (B) Unskilled writers are less able to anticipate the likely problems of the reader. (C) Skilled writers tend to limit themselves to teacher-generated rules and modifications of lexis. (D) Unskilled writers are much more aware of writing as a recursive activity.

What is not the view of the bottom-up approach to writing? (A) It favors activities in which students engage in imitating and transforming models of correct language. (B) Students should have mastered the language at the level of the sentence before they can be expected to write coherent paragraphs. (C) It concentrates more on language at the level of discourse. (D) It focuses on the end result of the writing process.

What classroom technique will teachers not use according to the process approach to writing? (A) to encourage students to talk about their initial drafts with the teacher or fellow students (B) focus on both quantity and quality (correct forms) during the writing process (C) having collaborative group work to enhance motivation for writing (D) to generate ideas through brainstorming and oral discussion

What do researchers of top-down approach not agree about how listening works? (A) Listeners takes in and stores aural messages in much the same way as a tape recorder. (B) Listeners should be provided with a context for making sense of the text before they listen. (C) Listeners need to bring knowledge from outside the text to the task of interpreting and comprehending the text itself. (D) Listeners store meaning, not linguistic forms when they comprehend messages.

What does “whole person learning” mean? (A) Teachers should well estimate students’ intellect and design activities to actually meet their needs. (B) Teachers put great emphasis on student’s thinking processes or cognition, and help them discover the rules of the language they are acquiring. (C) Teachers should have understanding of the relationship among student’s feelings, physical reactions, and instinctive protective reactions. (D) None of the above.

Which can be best characterized as content-based instruction? (A) Whenever possible,‘authentic language’should be introduced. (B) Students learn through observing actions as well as by performing the actions themselves. (C) The students’ native language is used to make the meaning clear and to build a bridge from the known to the unknown. (D) The subject matter content is used for language teaching purposes.

Which can better meet teachers’ purpose when the focus of the course is on real language use? (A) A variety of linguistic forms are presented together for recitation. (B) Students put the scrambled sentences of the newspaper article in right order. (C) Substitution drills. (D) Students retell a story in different words.

What is the most important about cooperative learning? (A) Put students in groups in their preference. (B) Students’score will depend on group results. (C) Teachers teach students collaborative or social skills so that they can work together more effectively. (D) Students also work out tests in groups.

What is the ultimate goal of a balanced literacy program? (A) Students learn to use reading and writing as learning tools to get things done in their life or for pleasure. (B) Through reading and writing, students construct meaning. (C) To develop lifelong readers and writers. (D) All of the above.

What can be characterized as good listeners or readers? (A) They understand every word they hear or read. (B) They are able to predict and the predictions will change as they receive more information from the text. (C) They are more willing to mimic what they hear or read. (D) They tend to respond to what they hear or read.