101年 - 101輔仁大學營養科學系二年級轉學考-營養學概論 #68004

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-營養學 | 年份：101年 | 選擇題數：30 | 申論題數：8

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-營養學

選擇題 (30)

1. A breakfast cereal labeled as organic must (A) have at least 70% of its ingredients meet organic standards. (B) have at least 95% of its ingredients meet organic standards. (C) be made from all natural ingredients. (D) contain no food additives.

2. Insufficient intake of dietary carbohydrate is a condition called ketosis. Ketosis may result from (A) starvation. (B) a diet of less than 50-100 grams of carbohydrate per day. (C) untreated diabetes mellitus. (D) All of these choices are correct.

3. The most common micronutrient deficiencies worldwide are (A) vitamin C, vitamin A, iron. (B) iron, vitamin D, calcium. (C) vitamin C, calcium, iron. (D) vitamin A, iron, iodine.

4. The_layer of the GI tract wall contains glands, blood vessels and nerves, whereas the__ layer is the outermost layer that protects the GI tract. (A) mucosa, muscle (B) serosa, submucosa (C) submucosa, muscle (D) submucosa, serosa

5. Which of the following is a non-carbohydrate component of dietary fibers? (A) glycogen (B) pectin (C) cellulose (D) lignin

6. If no glucose is available from dietary carbohydrate, glucose in the blood may be derived from (A) muscle glycogen and liver glycogen. (B) triglyceride breakdown. (C) muscle glycogen and fatty acids. (D) sugar alcohols.

複選題
7. Which of the following dietary fibers are classified as water soluble? (A) Pectins and mucilages (B) Pectin and lignins (C) Hemicellulose, cellulose, lignins (D) Mucilages and psyllium seeds

8. An increased fiber intake within recommended guidelines may (A) decrease risk of diabetes. (B) lower blood lipid levels. (C) decrease risk of certain cancers. (D) all of these choices are correct.

9. Which of the following foods has the highest glycemic index? (A) Bananas (B) Apple (C) Baked potato (D) White bread

10. Which of the following groups of foods would contribute a substantial amount of monounsaturated fatty acids to the diet? (A) Olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil (B) Beef franks, bologna, ham (C) Swiss cheese, cheddar cheese, blue cheese (D) Bacon, eggs, butter

11. The main difference between fats and oils is that fats are (A) liquid at room temperature. (B) solid at room temperature. (C) structures containing only saturated fatty acid. (D) structures with equal proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids.

12. Oxidized LDL (low density lipoproteins) in the blood are picked up by (A) B100 receptor. (B) Macrophages (scavenger cells). (C) B48 receptor. (D) No cell can pick up oxidized LDL.

13. Which of the following conditions would result in negative nitrogen balance? (A) recovery from injury (B) weight training (C) pregnancy (D) Cushing's disease

14. Edema in the lower extremities may appear when there is a severe lack of dietary protein because (A) sodium is retained in the body. (B) blood protein levels drop and fluid shifts into interstitial spaces. (C) blood protein levels increase and force fluid into the cells. (D) the kidneys cannot excrete the extra fluid.

15. The biological value of a food protein is a measure of (A) how much of the food one eats. (B) the total amount of nitrogen in the blood. (C) how closely the amino acid distribution in the food meets the amino acid needs of body tissues. (D) the weight gained by a growing rat after eating the food protein for 10 days.

16. Which is true about the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? (A) They apply to people in Canada and the U.S. (B) They differ by age group. (C) They include Recommended Dietary Allowances and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels. (D) They were created by the Food and Nutrition Board (E) All answers are true.

17. Fatty acids cannot be converted to glucose because (A) they lack sufficient energy. (B) as acetyl-CoA they enter the citric acid cycle and can never reform pyruvate. (C) acetyl-CoA can be synthesized only from amino acid skeletons, not fatty acid skeletons. (D) they enter the citric acid cycle as propionyl-CoA.

18. Wemicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is the_deficiency disease that results from severe alcohol abuse. (A) vitamin A (B) thiamin (C) niacin (D) vitamin B-12

19. The electron transport chain is a series of biochemical reactions that transfers the energy in NADH and FADH2 to (A) ADP + Pi to form ATP. (B)H2O (C) iron and copper. (D) oxygen.

20. When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions, the production of_is important because it assures a continuous supply of NAD (A) Glucose-6-phosphate (B) Pyruvate (C) Lactate (D) Glycogen

21. Fasting or starvation accelerates (A) gluconeogenesis. (B) ketone body production. (C) body protein breakdown. (D) body fat breakdown. (E) All of these choices are accurate.

22. Basal energy needs include energy for (A) respiration, circulation, and digestion. (B) respiration, activity, and the thermic effect of food. (C) circulation, maintenance of muscle tone, and digestion. (D) respiration, circulation, and maintenance of body temperature.

23. Control of satiety is located in a part of the brain (A) called the pituitary. (B) called the cortex. (C) called the hypothalamus. (D) designated the "appetite center."

24. The major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of (A) weight. (B) body fat. (C) body water. (D) body protein.

25. The essential difference between anorexia and bulimia (A) is age of onset. Bulimia begins in early childhood. (B) is gender. Men are far more likely to suffer from anorexia nervosa when they enter their teens, (C) is that anorexia patients are much more secretive, while bulimia patients are much more open about their eating disorder. (D) is that the bulimic turns to food during a crisis or problem whereas the anorexic turns away from food.

26. The current RDA for vitamin A is expressed in (A) International Units (IU). (B) Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE). (C) Alpha-Tocopherol Equivalents (ATE). (D) none of these answers are correct.

27. The disadvantage of anaerobic glycolysis in high intensity muscle contractions is that (A) the heart muscle "soaks" up most of the lactic acid for its energy needs. (B) ATP production cannot be sustained for long events. (C) the production of excessive amounts of CO2 and H2O interferes with exercise. (D) ATP is needed for digestion,

28. In order to build up maximum stores of muscle glycogen for long-distance marathons, one should consume a__diet. (A) high-carbohydrate (B) high-protein (C) high-fat (D) high-energy

29. Individuals at risk of vitamin D deficiency include all of the following except (A) elderly persons living in nursing homes (B) dark-skinned children with limited outdoor activity (C) elderly who eat high amounts of fatty fish and fish oils. (D) individuals with diseases of fat-malabsorption.

30. Newborns usually receive an injection of vitamin_to protect them against deficiency until their gastrointestinal tract has matured. (A) A (B) D (C) B (D) K

申論題 (8)

1.請問人體長期缺乏那些營養素時會導致貧血，並且說明這些營養素缺乏時所引起貧血的症狀有何不同？

2.請問營養素與保健食品有何不同？

3.與骨質健康有關的營養素有哪些？並請說明這些營養素在骨質健康上扮的生理功能。

(A) goiter

(B) rickets

(C) night blindness

(D) beriberi

(E) pellagra