109年 - 109中原大學_碩士班招生考試_心理學系一般心理學組、心理學系臨床心理學組：普通心理學(含認知心理學、發展心理學、社會與人格心理學)#101436

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆普通心理學(含認知心理學、發展心理學、社會與人格心理學) | 年份：109年 | 選擇題數：8 | 申論題數：9

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆普通心理學(含認知心理學、發展心理學、社會與人格心理學)

選擇題 (8)

1. A common misunderstanding about heritability is that (A) it applies to individuals rather than to groups. (B) the H/SE/NSE formulas can be accurately described. (C) researchers are honest about reporting their data. (D) animals, as well as humans, have heritability.

2. The Apgar test is used for assessing (A) the neonate’s physical health. (B) a couple’s suitability for parenthood. (C) the presence or absence of genetic defects. (D) the neonate’s level of psychological knowledge.

3. Through dishabituation, the infant tells the researcher, (A) “I see that the new stimulus differs from the others!” (B) “My mind is no longer a tabula rasa!” (C) “This experiment is boring!” (D) “I know how to learn!”

4. Children around the world learn their parents’ language at the same average pace. These “linguistic universals” suggest to nativists that (A) language learning is based on the infantile diet. (B) similar language instruction is given in all cultures. (C) the brain is biologically programmed to learn language. (D) empiricism best explains the learning of language.

5. Cephalocaudal is to Proximodistal as ____ is to ____. (A) Masculine :: Feminine (B) Expansion :: Contraction (C) Downward :: Outward (D) Accuracy :: Error

1. Minimal groups are groups (A) consisting of only two people. (B) that occupy low-status positions in society. (C) based on trivial distinction of minor importance (D) with a long history of competition and antagonism.

2. Although she cheats on him, Oliver stays with his girlfriend because he doesn’t think he would be able to find anyone better. Oliver has a(n) (A) low comparison level for alternatives. (B) high comparison level for alternatives. (C) secure attachment style. (D) avoidant attachment style.

3. The major difference between social cognitive theory and other learning approaches (e.g., Skinner) is that social learning theory (A) emphasizes developmental principles. (B) emphasizes learning in the absence of reinforcement. (C) emphasizes the interaction of reward and punishment. (D) emphasizes the role of unconditional positive regard.

申論題 (9)

1. Please describe Baddeley’s working memory model and describe whether and how articulatory suppression affects the function of phonological loop.

2. Please describe the what and where pathways in the brain and provide the supporting evidences for each pathways.

3. Please describe explicit and implicit memories and give examples for each type of memory respectively.

1. Evaluate Piaget’s view that cognitive development occurs in stages.

2. Discuss the roles of maturation and learning in human development.

3. Suppose you are providing counseling to mother regarding their son, Tin. His mother report that Tin is a difficult child and disregards any demands made by his mother. During the “strange situation” test, Tin seems angry with his mother for having left him, but he turns from her when she tries to comfort him. What could you hypothesize about the parenting style of Tin’s mother, and what advice might you offer to improve the situation?

1. Describe the confirmation bias and explain how it can affect people’s decision making. (5 points)

2. Generate an example of the fundamental attribution error (5 points) and discuss the cultural difference of it (5 points).

3. Describe the feature and the logic of projective test (5 points). What are the disadvantages of projective tests (5 points).