109年 - 109 國立高雄大學_碩士班招生考試_生命科學系：普通生物學#103049

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-普通生物學 | 年份：109年 | 選擇題數：10 | 申論題數：23

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-普通生物學

選擇題 (10)

1. Which of the following is (are) unique to animals? (A)cells that have mitochondria (B) the structural carbohydrate, chitin (C)nervous conduction and muscular movement (D)heterotrophy

2. The endoskeletons of most vertebrates are composed of calcified (A)cartilage. (B) enamel. (C)chitin. (D)dentin.

3. As body size increases in animals, there is (A)a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio. (B) no further reproduction in aqueous environments. (C)the tendency for larger bodies to be more variable in metabolic rate. (D)an increase in migration to tropical areas.

4. To leave the digestive tract, a substance must cross a cell membrane. During which stage of food processing does this take place? (A)ingestion (B) digestion (C)hydrolysis (D)absorption

5. In which animal does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body? (A)annelid (B) mollusc (C)fish (D)frog

6. Which of the following cell types are responsible for initiating a secondary immune response? (A)stem cells (B) B cells (C)memory cells (D)T cells

7. Most of the organelles in a neuron are located in the (A)dendritic region. (B) axon hillock. (C)axon. (D)cell body.

8. What type of signal is fast and requires daylight with no obstructions? (A)olfactory (B) visual (C)auditory (D)tactile

9. Which of the following levels of organization is arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive? (A)community, ecosystem, individual, population (B) ecosystem, community, population, individual (C)population, ecosystem, individual, community (D)individual, population, community, ecosystem

10. According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot continue to occupy the same (A)habitat. (B) niche. (C)territory. (D)range.

申論題 (23)

1. Model Organism

2. Storage Polysaccharides

3. Noncompetitive Inhibitor

4. Lysosomes

5. Endosymbiont Theory

6. Intermediate Filaments

7. Aquaporin

8. Sodium-Potassium Pump

9. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

10. Apoptosis

11. Chemiosmosis

12. Autotrophs

13. Cell cycle

14. Meiosis

15. Polygenic Inheritance

16. Genomic Imprinting

17. Heterochromatin

18. RNA Splicing

19. RNA Interference (RNAi)

20. Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells

三、問答題 1. 孟德爾提出他的遺傳四大定律時，尚未有染色體的概念，請以他所提出的主張(postulate) 去說明以及解釋，在孟德爾四大定律中，除了 Dominance/Recessiveness (顯性與隱性) 與 Unit factors exist in pairs (遺傳單位以一對一對的情形出現) 之外的另二個主張 (postulate)，也就是請針對 Law of Segregation (分離律) 以及 Law of Independent Assortment (獨立分配律)，詳述這二項的內容與意義。當現在大家都已有了染色體的概念，對孟德爾的主張有另外的進一步了解以及認識，請再以染色體理論 (theory of chromosome) 去解釋 Law of Segregation (分離律) 以及 Law of Independent Assortment (獨立分配律)，詳述這二項的內容與意義。(提示: 可以畫出不同組的同源染色體，加以說明) (8 分)

2. 以一個基因產出一個胜肽的觀念 (one gene one peptide)，說明孟德爾四大定律中的 Dominance/Recessiveness (顯性與隱性)的主張(postulate)。並且分別說明在這個 one gene one peptide 觀念之下，Complete dominance (完全顯性)，Codominance (共顯性)，Incomplete dominance (部分顯性)，在基因作用表現時是如何進行 (包括轉錄以及轉譯)，以及三者之間其相異與相同之處。(8 分)

3. 有一個 Recessive epistasis (隱性的上位作用) 發生在老鼠的毛色 (hair color) 遺傳上。一對老鼠親本 (parents) 為 heterozygote (異形結合子)，進行交配後，他們生出的子代 (offspring)，三種毛色的比例如下 “ Agouti : black : albino = 黑雜毛色 : 黑色 : 白色 = 9:3:4”. 已知有兩種 (組) 基因會一同控制此一現象 (two sets of genes controlling this phenotype of color)，在兩組基因的蛋白質產物 (gene products) 中呈現出 epistasis (上位作用) 的調控。請問，這兩種 (組) 基因的 dominant/recessive alleles 各控制哪個外表現象 (phenotype)，以及兩種(組)基因產物的蛋白質產物之間如何交互作用 (interaction with each other)? (提示: 這種特殊老鼠的毛色中的 Agouti (黑雜毛)，是在一根黑色毛髮上有深淺不均的現象。) (4 分)