110年 - 110 國立台灣海洋大學_碩士班招生考試_食品科學系碩士班生物科技組：微生物學#103777

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-微生物學 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：15 | 申論題數：14

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-微生物學

選擇題 (15)

1. In a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell will typically (A) lyse (B) burst (C) stay the same (D) plasmolyze.    
2. The DNA found in most bacterial cells (A) is surrounded by a nuclear membrane (B) utilizes histones for chromosomal packaging (C) is circular in structure (D) is linear in structure
3. Salts and sugars work to preserve foods by creating a (A) depletion of nutrients (B) hypotonic environment (C) lower osmotic pressure (D) hypertonic environment.
4. Which of the following is an advantage of the standard plate count? (A) can readily count cells that form aggregates (B) determines the number of viable cells (C) can be performed on very dilute samples, such as lake water (D) provides immediate results
5. Which of the following is an advantage of the direct microscopic count? (A) can readily count organisms that are motile (B) can easily distinguish live from dead cells (C) requires no incubation time (D) sample volume is unknown
6. A culture medium consisting of agar, peptone, and beef extract is a (A) chemically defined medium (B) complex medium (C) selective medium (D) differential medium.
7. An experiment began with 4 cells and ended with 128 cells. How many generations did the cells go through? (A) 64 (B) 32 (C) 6 (D) 5
8. Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction: O 2 - + O 2 - + 2H + → H 2 O 2 + O 2 ? (A) catalase (B) oxidase (C) peroxidase (D) superoxide dismutase
9. What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration? (A) It is reduced to lactic acid (B) It reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate (C) It is oxidized in the electron transport chain (D) It is converted into acetyl CoA.
10. Researchers are developing a ribozyme that cleaves the HIV genome. This pharmaceutical agent could be described as (A) an RNA molecule capable of catalysis (B) a hydrolase (C) a genetic transposable element (D) a protease inhibitor.
11. A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase. The bacteria are most likely (A) fermenting the glucose (B) oxidizing the glucose (C) using the peptides (D) not growing
12. Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy? (A) chemoautotroph (B) chemoheterotroph (C) photoautotroph (D) photoheterotroph
13. A gram-positive bacterium suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotics. This trait most likely occurred due to acquisition of new genetic information through (A) conjugation (B) binary fission (C) meisosis (D) transformation.
14. Which one of the following organisms has a cell wall? (A) protoplasts (B) fungi (C) L forms (D) mycoplasmas
15. In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in (A) chloroplasts (B) cytoplasm (C) chromatophores (D) mesosomes.

申論題 (14)

第一部分 1. Please list the main differences between generalize transduction and specialize  transduction during DNA transferring? 
2. Please describe the principles of control microorganisms by moist heat, dry heat,  and low temperature, respectively. 
3. Please describe DNA replication, including the functions of DNA gyrase, DNA ligase,  and DNA polymerase. 
4. What is the role of the promoter, terminator, and mRNA in transcription? 
5. Please list four factors related to effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment.
6. How does reverse transcriptase differ from DNA polymerase? 
7. A typical screening procedure for selecting a clone is known as blue‐white  screening. Please describe its principle and explain the meaning of obtaining blue  or white colonies. 
8. How does lysogenic differ from the lytic cycle? 
9. What is tested in Western blotting, Southern blotting, and Northern blotting? 
10. Please give the definition of viroid and prion.   
(III) What are the major structural differences between gram-positive and gram- negative cell walls?
(IV) How are bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses distinguished on the basis of cellular structure? 
(V) Why is Mycobacterium tuberculosis easily identified by the acid-fast stain?
(II) Where does chemiosmosis occur in eukaryotes? In prokaryotes?