110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_大氣科學研究所甲組:大氣環境化學#100479

b) (16 pts) The predicted [O₃] profile based on steady-state assumption overestimates theO₃ concentrations by a factor of 2 or more as shown in Figure 1-1 due to the missing sinks for O₃, i.e., HOx, NOx and ClOx with the following propagation reactions: X is a catalyst such as OH, NO, and Cl Please describe what the initial chemical con mponents associated with HOx, NOx, and ClOx, and where they come from, and how the initial HOx, NOx, and ClOx are formed (the initiation step for radical formation).(明確描述在平流層産生HOx,NOxand CIOX的最原始物質及其來源為何,這些原始物質如何進到或出現在平流層,如何初步產生 HOx, NOx, and ClOx).

c) (12 pts) In the troposphere, ozone can be transported from stratosphere but is mainly produced by chemical reactions. Figure 1-2 shows the cyeling of HOx and O₃; production in a polluted atmosphere. Please describe in detail how the ozone is formed in the troposphere (you can use CO or CH₄ as an example to illustrate the processes).

(b) (5 pts) Ignore the second association and derive the hydronium concentration [H⁺] as a function of CO₂ partial pressure Pcoy, Henry's constant ., first dissociation constant , and water

(c) (5 pts) Ifthe ocean's pH value is 8 and the dissolved CO₂ concet entration is M, try calculated the constant Kw. equilibrium partial pressure of CO₂ in the atmosphere (in ppmv) using the following constants: