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110年 - 110 高雄醫學大學_學生轉系考：普通生物學#113613

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-普通生物學 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：50 | 申論題數：0

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-普通生物學

選擇題 (50)

1. The entire genetic information that an organism inherited is sometimes called "genomic library". What is not a correct match of the research area and the corresponding target of study. (A)Genomics -all the DNA sequences. (B) Proteomics - all the proteins. (C) Bioinformatics - all the exons. (D)Transcriptomics - all the expressed genes. (E)System biology - interaction among biological parts.
2. A scientific inquiry does not include which one below? (A)Exploration. (B) Observation. (C) Prediction (D)Experiments (E)Fabrication
3. What is the main molecule that caused the ocean acidification? (A)Calcium (B) CO2 (C) O2 (D)HCI (E)NH3
4. What is the most abundant polysaccharide in the natural organic compounds? (A)Cellulose (B) Chitin (C) Starch (D)Glucose (E)Lipids
5. Which one below is the formal term for the genetic material of all organisms? (A)Ribonucleic acid (B) Polynucleotides (C) Nucleotides (D)Pyrimidine (E)Deoxyribonucleic acid
6. Which type of living organisms below cannot be observed with a light microscope? (A)Bacteria(B)Frog egg (C) Human sperm (D)Virus (E)Plant cells
7. What is NOT a function of the actin filament of cells? (A)Maintain cell shape (B) Join in muscle contraction (C) Moving chromosomes (D)Change the cell shape (E)Form division of animal cells
8. Which below does prove the fluidity of cell membrane? (A)A mouse cell and a humnan cell can experimentally form a hybrid cell. (B) The transmembrane proteins are identified on cell membrane. (C) Cells change shape. (D)The property of selective permeability of cell membrane. (E)Diffusible property across cell membrane.
9. What is not a trigger or a good description of apoptosis? (A)The external signals called death-signaling molecules. (B) The apoptosis caused via integrative signaling instead of single signaling. (C) DNA damage is one of the signals. (D)Malfunctioning of the ER protein production is one of the signals. (E)The apoptosis genes are highly conserved across organisms. 
10. About the electron transportation chain in cellular respiration, which one below is a wrong statement? (A)The electron transportation chain occurred across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) The H' are pumped out to the intermembrane space from the mitochondrial matrix. (C) Once the H gradient is formed, it results a proton-motive force. (D)The electron transport chain produces ATp, then was used in chemiosmosis. (E)The steps of electron transport chain and chemiosmosis together was called oxidative phosphorylation.
11. What is the characteristic of the G2 phase in a cell cycle? (A)Centrosomes duplicated. (B) Centrosomes moving away from each other. (C) Condense of the chromosomes. (D)Chromosome duplicated. (E)Chromosomes moving away from each other.
12. For the human meiosis process, at which step that the cells first become to haploid and separated cells? (A)Anaphase I (B) Telophase I (C) Prophase I (D)Metaphase II (E)Metaphase I
13. Which one is NOT a correct description about crossing over? (A) It happens in Prophase I of meiosis. (B) It happens during the association called synapsis. (C) It happens at the site called chiasma. (D)It results the separation of sister chromatids at Anaphase I. (E)It results the recombinant chromosomes.
14. Some alleles are responsible for several symptoms of hereditary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell disease.Which term do we use to this kind of alleles? (A)Multiple alleles(B) Pleiotropy(C) Epistasis (D)Polygenic inheritance (E)Dominant alleles
15. Which kind of mutation below does not cause the alterations of chromosome structure during meiosis? (A)Deletion (B) Duplication (C) Inversion (D)Translocation (E)Point mutation
16. Which one is NOT a true description of linked genes? (A)Linkage of genes violated the law of independent assortment. (B) Linked genes can be identified via crossing experiments. (C) Linked genes only can be found when genes are sequenced. (D)Genes could appear to be linked (statistically) but actually not. (E)Two genes are more likely to be linked if they are closer in distance on a chromosome.
17. In the history of the discovery of the genetic material, which combination was the research and the study that confirm DNA, not protein, is the genetic material? (A)Chase - T2 phage (B) Franklin - DNA x-ray (C) Watson - DNA SEM (D)Griffith - Streptococcus type R and S (E)Mendel - green and yellow beans 
18. During DNA duplication, while a nucleotide was added in the DNA strand, which molecule was release? (A)Polymerase (B) Primer (C) Primase (D)Phosphorane (E)Pyrophosphate
19. What is NOT a required molecule to start a DNA duplication process on both leading and lagging strands? (A)Helicase (B) RNA primer (C) Primase (D)DNA polymerase III (E)DNA ligase
20. After the RNA processing in a eukaryotic cell, which one is NOT in the final product? (A)5' cap (B) Coding segment (C) Poly-A tail (D)Exon (E)TATA-box
21. During the translation of a gene to a peptide chain, which step is the actual step that the peptide chain gets elongated? (A)Codon recognition of tRNA. (B) P-stie to A-site movement of tRNA. (C) Peptide bond formation while tRNA is on A-site. (D)P-site to E-site movement of tRNA. (E)E-site to release of tRNA.
22. Which kind of a small-scale mutation could change the length of DNA template? (A)Point mutation (B) Frameshift mutation (C) Nonsense mutation (D)Missense mutation (E)Silent mutation
23. Which one does not involve in an activation of operon in E. coli? (A)Promoter (B) Regulatory gene (C) Operator (D)Repressor (E)RNA polymerase
24. Eukaryotic cells originally have the same genomes, but the cell have developed and have different functions. The best explanation of this phenomenon is_________. (A)All cells have housekeeping genes that expressed unequally. (B) Some cells have differentiated and lost some of the important gene fragments. (C) Cells with specific function when specific genes expressed differentially in these cells. (D)Some cells have evolved during the development and have gain new mutations. (E)Some cells have been affected by the amount of gene copies that they carried for a specific function.
25. The DNA sequencing techniques have been evolving fast since 2004. Which technology is used in the first generation of the next-generation sequencing? (A)Sequencing by termination (B) Sequencing by synthesis (C) Sequencing by expansion (D)Sequencing by nanopore (E)Sequencing by fluorescence
26. What is the technique to use when you check if you have been infected by COVID-19 virus? (A)DNA cloning (B) Restriction site associated DNA sequencing (C) Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (D)Plasmids cloning and recombination (E)PCR based Illumina sequencing
27. Which one below cannot be used to identify the function of genes? (A)Gene knock-out (B) CRISPR-Cas9 system (C) RNAi method (D)Genome-wide association study (E)Sanger sequencing
28. The human genome project began in 1990 and completed in 2003, during the 13 years, the scientists have been using which technique to complete this task? (A)Whole genome shotgun approach (B) Sanger sequencing (C) NGS (D)Illumina (E)Pyrosequencing
29. Which one below does not seemly to fit into the field in system biology? (A)Bioinformatics (B) Genomics (C) Gene and protein network (D)Proteomics (E)DNA editing via gene knock-out
30. In Darwin's concepts of evolution, descent with modification, from the book the origin of species, which one was NOT included? (A)Natural selection (B) Adaptation (C) Sexual selection (D)Homology-traits descended from common ancestor (E)Beneficial genetic mutation
31. Which description about the DNA methylation is incorrect? (A)DNA methylation would affect the gene expression. (B) DNA methylation would cause gene mutation. (C) DNA methylation would be still in effect after cell division. (D)The removal of the extra methy! group would turn the genes back on. (E)DNA methylation is a research area in epigenetic inheritance.
32. From the media, we have encountered news of scientists used a phylogenetic tree to represent the evolution of SARS-Cov2 virus genomes. Which kind of information could not be extracted from this phylogenetic tree? (A)The time of a certain strain of virous have evolved. (B) The current and historical events of diversification of the virus strains. (C) The possible number of mutations accumulated in a year. (D)The relatedness and the genetic distance of one strain to another. (E)The functional change of a mutation.
33. Which one below does not maintain and/or increase the genetic variation within a human population? (A)Mutation (B) Sexual reproduction (C) Gene duplication (D)Genetic drift (E)Recombination
34. In a lake of South Africa, a group of fish evolved into different species due to the change of the shape of their lower jaws so they could prey on different types of prey. Which term best describes this pattern of speciation? (A)Sympatric speciation (B) Allopatric speciation (C) Parapatric speciation (D)Polyploidy speciation (E)Speciation after hybridization
35. After genomic research, scientists found the mitochondria and plastids in the eukaryotic cells contain the external genomic fragments that were not belong to the nucleic genome.Which one is incorrect about the currently known knowledge about the origins of these two organelles? (A)The process is including mitochondria and plastids was termed endosymbiosis. (B) The plastids were included in the eukaryotic cells before mitochondria. (C) The interaction between mitochondria and the host cell is mutualism. (D)The origin of mitochondria was aerobic bacteria. (E)The origin of plastids was photosynthetic bacteria.
36. Coronavirus belongs to which kind of virus? (A)dsDNA virus (B) ssDNA virus (C) dsRNA virus (D)ssRNA virus - RNA serves as mRNA (E)ssRNA virus - RNA serves as template for DNA synthesis
37. Glycoproteins on the viral envelope is important part when a virus infects a cell because it binds to a specific receptor on the cell membrane so the viral genome could get into the cell. In which step/cell part the glycoprotein was produced in the life cycle of an RNA virus? (A)Viral genome serves as template for synthesis of complementary RNA strand / in cytosol (B) Viral genome serves as template for synthesis of complementary RNA strand/ in ER (C) Viral genome serves as mRNA for translation / in Golgi apparatus (D)Viral genome serves as mRNA for translation / in ER (E)Viral genome serves as mRNA for translation / in Golgi apparatus
38. Staphylococcus aureus could cause mild infection to life threatening illness for humnan. Which group of bacteria that it belongs to? (A)Gram-positive bacteria(B)Gram-negative bacteria (C) Cyanobacteria (D)Spirochetes (E)Proteobacteria
39. Which one below is not a vascular plant? (A)Gymnosperms (B) Angiosperms (C) Ferns (D)Lycophytes (E)Mosses
複選題
40. In animal embryo development, what is the fate of the blastopore? (A) It became part of the neural tube. (B) It became the mouth. (C) It became the anus. (D)It became the esophagus. (E)It became the coclom.
41. In all invertebrates, which group holds the most diversity (has the highest number of species)? (A)Gastrotricha (B) Nemertea (C) Arthropoda (D)Mullusca (E)Nematoda
42. After a long research about the "warm-blooded"' animals (birds and mammals), the scientists found that they were not evolved from a common ancestor. Which animal group is most closely related to birds in the history of life? (A)Turtles (B) Saurischian dinosaurs (C) Lizards (D)Crocodile (E)Snakes
43. The epithelial tissues of human body are the most likely tissues to be in contact with the environment. Which kind of epithelial tissue covers the air sacs of the lungs? (A)Stratified squamous epithelium (B) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (C) Simple squamous epithelium (D)Simple columnar epithelium (E)Cuboidal epithelium
複選題
44. For the hormone and signaling in the intercellular communication by secreted molecules, which one below best describes the signaling that the secreted molecules diffuse locally and the trigger the response of the cells? (A)Endocrine signaling (B) Autocrine signaling (C) Paracrine signaling (D)Neuroendocrine signaling (E)Synaptic signaling
45. One hormone could have different effects in different cells. For example, epinephrine acts differently in different cells. Which one below is incorrect? (A)Epinephrine binds to beta receptors of liver cells and cause the release of glucose to increase the blood sugar level. (B) Epinephrine binds to beta receptors of liver cells and cause the intake of glucose to decrease the blood sugar level. (C) Epinephrine binds to the beta receptors of the smooth muscle cells in wall of blood vessel that supplies skeletal muscle and causes the relaxation of the smooth muscle cells. (D)Epinephrine binds to the beta receptors of the smooth muscle cells in wall of blood vessel that supplies skeletal muscle and causes the contraction of the smooth muscle cells. (E)Epinephrine binds to the alpha receptors of the smooth muscle cells in wall of blood vesse! that supplies intestines and causes the relaxation of the smooth muscle cells.
46. Which pair of animal digestive tract part that secrets an enzyme and the digestive enzyme is an incorrect (A)Oral cavity - salivary amylase (B) Stomach - pepsin (C) Small intestine - nucleotidases (D)Pancreas- lipase (E)Small intestine - disaccharidases
47. Steam cells would differentiate into lymphoid and myeloid progenitor cells. Which type of cells is NOT derived from the myeloid progenitor cells? (A)B cells (B) Erythrocytes (C) Neutrophils (D)Monocytes (E)Platelets
48. Which below does not involve in the blood clotting? (A)Platelets (B) Damaged cells in blood vessel (C) Prothrombin in plasma (D)Fibrinogen (E)Lymphocytes match?
49. In the comparison of the osmoregulation in freshwater and marine fish, which one is an incorrect statement? (A)Marine fish gain water via drinking water. (B) Marine fish excrete salt ions from gills. (C) Freshwater fish excrete water from kidneys. (D)Freshwater fish gain water via drinking water. (E) Freshwater fish intake salt ions from gills.
50. Which one is the best gene expression explanation of why the human immune system could respond to different types of pathogens (i.e., the receptor diversity)? (A)This is because there are a lot of introns in the human evolutionary history that recoded the types of pathogen genetic information. (B) This is because there are a lot of exons in the human evolutionary history that recoded the types of pathogen genetic information. (C) This is because there are many types of V segments and J segments in the Ig genes that could assemble into the antigen receptors to respond to the pathogen. (D)This is because there are many types of C segments and J segments in the Ig genes that could assemble into the antigen receptors to respond to the pathogen. (E)This is because there are many types of V segments and C segments in the Ig genes that could assemble into the antigen receptors to respond to the pathogen.

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