114年 - 114-1 臺南市立沙崙國際高級中學高中部教師甄選試題:生物科#127037
試卷資訊
所屬科目:教甄◆生物專業
選擇題 (20)
申論題 (13)
4. 小分子核糖核酸(micro-RNA)相關研究近年來蓬勃發展,試解釋 micro-RNA 如何影響細胞的生理活性(2 分),並以 論文摘要的主旨(如附)或相關知識為題幹仿照現行分科測驗的模式設計一個單選題與一個多選題,需附上答案與詳解。
Among different age groups, middle-aged individuals are particularly susceptible to obesity, with a 22% higher risk of all-cause mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identify adipose progenitor cells (APCs) in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of middle-aged subjects as potential causes of midlife obesity. Specifically, the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from APCs display an impaired ability to mitigate the inflammaging of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in middle-aged individuals. Mechanistically, these EVs, lacking miR-145-5p, fail to suppress the expression of L-selectin in ATMs, thereby facilitating their M1 program via the NF-κB signaling pathway. In contrast, EVs from young APCs effectively inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. Accordingly, targeted liposomes are designed to deliver miR-145-5p mimics to ATMs, which effectively prevent the obesity in middle-aged mice. Collectively, our findings highlight the role of APC-derived EVs in midlife obesity and propose miR-145-5p as a promising therapeutic target for clinical applications.(摘自 Zhou, Q., Gao, J., Wu, G. et al. Adipose progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles suppress macrophage M1 program to alleviate midlife obesity. Nat Commun 16,2743 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57444-y)
翻譯:obesity 肥胖症/adipose progenitor cells 脂肪前驅幹細胞/mitigate 緩解/facilitating 促 進/M1 macrophage polarization M1 型巨噬細胞極化,與發炎反應有關
(A)主要存在植物界生物 (B)藻紅素與葉綠素皆可吸收藍光 (C)藻紅素可協助光反應進行 (D)藻紅蛋白應位於葉綠體內膜 (E)紅藻細胞核中應有藻紅素基因,其表現的產物即為藻紅素
(A) 若 將 E、F、X、Y 全排除,剩下的物種可構成一個單系群(B) 若 E 與 F 皆表現出某一特徵 α,而 A~D 與 †X 均無此特徵,則 α 很可能為趨同演化結果(C) A~D 構成一個單系群,因為其不包含任何已滅絕類群(D)若某特徵在 †Y 與 F 中出現,則此特徵可推測為該類群共同祖先所擁有的原始性狀
(A) 依循心搏週期進行的方向,Pressure-Volume Loop 是逆時針旋轉 (B) B 點發生第二心音 (C) B 點處心室血壓高於主動脈血壓 (D) 「A-D 線」這段過程中為等體積收縮期 (E) C 點時半月瓣處於關閉狀態