1. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) How airlines have developed in the past century.
(B) What the airline industry has contributed to economies.
(C) When airlines should purchase more new aircrafts.
(D) Why the airline industry has a low net profit margin.

A century after the first commercial flight took off, around $746 billion is expected to be spent this year on global air travel, a record 3.3 billion passenger journeys will be taken and 1,400 new aircraft help will whisk them across the skies. But among these impressive figures there is a much smaller one that airlines are really taking note of: $5.42. That’s the average profit made by airlines for each passenger they carry. “With a net profit margin of just 2.4%, airlines only retain $5.42 per passenger carried,” said Tony Tyler CEO of International Air Transport Association (IATA) at the group’s 70th AGM in Doha, Qatar. “There is a mismatch between the value that the industry contributes to economies and the rewards that it generates.” For others at the sharp end of the industry, the quest for profits is an ongoing battle. “We’re the wrong part of the food chain,” says JetBlue Airways CEO David Barger. “Airports and financiers, you look at the profit margins of them compared to airlines. But we recognize we’re the wrong part and you have to be innovative.” Pearce suggests that if fuel prices -- one of the biggest costs to airlines -- were to fall, then because of the keenly competitive nature of the industry it would be the customer that would be the beneficiary. Even with high fuel prices IATA forecasts that on average fares this year will fall by around 3.5%. The profits the industry has made are mainly because of cost-cutting in the industry through improved efficiency and consolidation, plus the way that airlines package their products, most notably through giving passengers more choice in what kind of options they want with a flight. That also gives airlines other ways to make a few dollars with ancillaries like baggage charges or seat preferences. Yet the lament from IATA remains that airlines and those in the commercial aviation industry are still hampered by high taxation and low profitability.

在首架商業航班起飛一個世紀之後，今年預計全球航空旅行市場約7,460億美元，將創造創紀錄的33億人次旅行，並且有1,400架新飛機翱翔天際。但是在這些令人印象深刻的數字中，航空公司真正開心的要少得多：5.42美元。那是航空公司為每位旅客帶來的平均利潤。國際航空運輸協會（IATA）首席執行官托尼·泰勒（Tony Tyler）在卡塔爾首都多哈舉行的第70屆年度大會上說：“航空公司的淨利潤率僅為2.4％，每位旅客僅保留5.42美元。” “該行業為經濟貢獻的價值與其所產生的回報之間是不匹配的。”對於其他處於行業前沿的人來說，尋求利潤是一場持續的戰鬥。 “我們是食物鏈中的錯誤部分，”捷藍航空首席執行官大衛·巴傑說。 “與金融機構相比，機場和金融機構的利潤率更高。但是我們認識到我們做錯了，您必須要有創新精神。”皮爾斯（Pearce）表示，如果燃油價格（航空公司最大的成本之一）下降，那麼由於航空業的激烈競爭性質，受益者將是客戶。即使燃油價格居高不下，國際航空運輸協會也預測今年平均票價將下降約3.5％。航空業獲得的利潤主要是由於通過提高效率和整合來削減航空業成本，以及航空公司包裝產品的方式，最顯著的是通過為旅客提供更多選擇他們想要的航班。這也給航空公司提供了其他方式來賺錢，例如行李費或座位偏好。然而，國際航空運輸協會遺憾的仍是:航空公司和商業航空業仍然受到高稅收和低利潤率的阻礙

one of the biggest costs to airlines -- were to fall, then because of the keenly competitive nature of the industry it would be the customer that would be the beneficiary. Even with high fuel prices IATA forecasts that on average fares this year will fall by around 3.5%. The profits the industry has made are mainly because of cost-cutting in the industry through improved efficiency and consolidatio

如果燃油價格（航空公司最大的成本之一）下降，那麼由於航空業的激烈競爭性質，受益者將是客戶。即使燃油價格居高不下，國際航空運輸協會也預測今年平均票價將下降約3.5％。航空業獲得的利潤主要是由於通過提高效率和整合來削減航空業成本，以及航空公司包裝產品的方式

Q.What is the passage mainly about?

這文篇章主要內容是說？(D) Why the airline industry has a low net profit margin （D）航空業為何淨利潤率低