複選題
28. What are the main functions of the antibody in the immune system?
(A) Induction of inflammatory response
(B) Neutralization of viral toxicity
(C) Binding to antigen on the surface of bacteria to promote phagocytosis
(D) Activation of the complement system
(E) Activation of phagocytotic cells, including neutrophils and macrophages

24. Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection was revolutionary because it (A) Was the first theory to refute the ideas of special creation (B) Dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the importance of variation and change in populations (C) Proved that individuals acclimated to their environment over time (D) Was the first time a biologist had proposed that species changed through time

25. Which statement about variation is TRUE? (A) All phenotypic variation is the result of genotypic variation (B) All genetic variation produces phenotypic variation (C) All new alleles are the result of nucleotide variability (D) All nucleotide variability results in neutral variation

複選題26. Which of the following two main solutes contribute to the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid in the kidney? (A) (B) (C) Urea (D) KC1 (E) NaCl

複選題27. Which of the following hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland? (A) Anti-diuretic hormone (B) Thyroid stimulating hormone (C) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (D) prolactin (E) Oxytocin parental cell

29. Which of the following organelles or structures are observed in both plant cells and animal cells? (A) Plasmodesmata (B) Central vacuole (C) Ribosomes (D) Chloroplast (E) Mitochondria

複選題30. About mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements are TRUE? (A) Mitosis conserves the number of chromosome sets, producing cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell (B) Meiosis is a special type of mitosis producing reproductive cells that occurs only in animal cells (C) Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes sets from two (diploid) to one (haploid) (D) Meiosis produces cells that differ genetically from each other and from the (E) Synapsis and crossing over occur in both mitosis and meiosis

31. In yeast signal transduction, a yeast cell releases a mating factor which (A) diffuses through the membranes to opposite type of cells, causing them to produce factors that initiate long-distance migrations (B) binds to receptors on the membranes of opposite type of yeast cells (C) passes through the membranes of opposite cell type, binds to DNA, and initiates transcription (D) acts back on the same cell type that secreted the mating factor, changing its cell division (E) Changes the shape of the opposite type of yeast cells

32. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of (A) DNA (B) RNA (C) Phospholipid (D) Ribosome (E) Protein

複選題33. Viruses? (A) Make their own ATP, proteins, and nucleic acids (B) Have RNA rather than DNA (C) Use the host cell to copy themselves and make viral proteins (D) That infect bacteria called phage (E) Enveloped viruses have a phospholipid membrane outside their capsid, whereas nonenveloped viruses do not have a phospholipid membrane

34. Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? (A) Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs (B) Only heterotrophs have mitochondria (C) Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic (D) The most common way that autotrophs make their own food is converting inorganic molecules into usable components by sunlight through photosynthesis (E) Only heterotrophs require oxygen