32. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of
(A) DNA
(B) RNA
(C) Phospholipid
(D) Ribosome
(E) Protein

複選題28. What are the main functions of the antibody in the immune system? (A) Induction of inflammatory response (B) Neutralization of viral toxicity (C) Binding to antigen on the surface of bacteria to promote phagocytosis (D) Activation of the complement system (E) Activation of phagocytotic cells, including neutrophils and macrophages

29. Which of the following organelles or structures are observed in both plant cells and animal cells? (A) Plasmodesmata (B) Central vacuole (C) Ribosomes (D) Chloroplast (E) Mitochondria

複選題30. About mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements are TRUE? (A) Mitosis conserves the number of chromosome sets, producing cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell (B) Meiosis is a special type of mitosis producing reproductive cells that occurs only in animal cells (C) Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes sets from two (diploid) to one (haploid) (D) Meiosis produces cells that differ genetically from each other and from the (E) Synapsis and crossing over occur in both mitosis and meiosis

31. In yeast signal transduction, a yeast cell releases a mating factor which (A) diffuses through the membranes to opposite type of cells, causing them to produce factors that initiate long-distance migrations (B) binds to receptors on the membranes of opposite type of yeast cells (C) passes through the membranes of opposite cell type, binds to DNA, and initiates transcription (D) acts back on the same cell type that secreted the mating factor, changing its cell division (E) Changes the shape of the opposite type of yeast cells

複選題33. Viruses? (A) Make their own ATP, proteins, and nucleic acids (B) Have RNA rather than DNA (C) Use the host cell to copy themselves and make viral proteins (D) That infect bacteria called phage (E) Enveloped viruses have a phospholipid membrane outside their capsid, whereas nonenveloped viruses do not have a phospholipid membrane

34. Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? (A) Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs (B) Only heterotrophs have mitochondria (C) Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic (D) The most common way that autotrophs make their own food is converting inorganic molecules into usable components by sunlight through photosynthesis (E) Only heterotrophs require oxygen

複選題35. Which of the following scientists were responsible for the following discovery? (A) Erwin Chargaff discovered that in DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine (B) Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase discovered that RNA can be converted to DNA by reverse transcription (C) James Watson and Francis Crick discovered that DNA is a double helix in structure (D) Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod discovered that DNA is genetic material (E) Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl discovered that DNA replication is semi- conservative

1. 關於早期small cell lung cancer，下列敘述那些正確？ (a) 只有不到5%的小細胞癌診斷為stage 1 (b) T1~2N0M0可以考慮手術切除 (c) 即使早期手術完整切除後仍需接受術後輔助治療 (d) 術後輔助治療可以考慮加prophylactic cranial irradiation (A) a+b+c (B) a+b+c+d (C) a+b (D) b+c+d

2. 對於轉移性肺腫瘤手術切除適應症，下列何者錯誤？ (A) 原發處需要己被或可被控制 (B) 無其他肺外轉移 (C) 肺部轉移處可完整手術切除 (D) 雙側都有則不建議手術

3. 胸腔鏡式肺葉切除應用於肺癌，以下何者不是目前較被認同的適應症？ (A) peripheral location (B) size ＜ 6cm (C) No chest wall invasion (D) Endobronchial lesion