1. Which of the following is not required for protein synthesis?
(A) mRNA
(B) Ribosomes
(C) GTP
(D) All the various tRNAs and their attached electrodes
(E) None of the above

2. Insulin is a protein composed of two peptide chains connected by a disulfide bond. Which amino acid side chain can form this covalent bond? (A) cystine (B) cysteine (C) isoleucine (D) proline (E) None of the above

3. Which of the following statements is correct regarding starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin? (A) All have al→4 links. (B) Chitin is made up of different monomers. (C) Only glycogen has a core protein. (D) Each is made of one type of monomer. (E) Chitin and cellulose differ only in their degree of branching.

4. Which residues in proteins are common sites of phosphorylation? (A) Serine, Histidine, Tyrosine (B) Serine, Alanine, Tyrosine (C) Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine (D) Serine, Tyrosine, Aspartate (E) All of the above

5. Which residues in proteins are common sites of glycosylation? (A) Asparagine (B) Aspartate (C) Glutamine (D) Glutamate (E) None of the above

6. Which of the following tetrapeptides is the most difficult to soluble in water? (A) Alanine-glycine-lysine-phenylalanine (B) Phenylalanine-leucine-alanine-isoleucine (C) Leucine-alanine-lysine-serine (D) Glutamate-aspartate-glycine-arginine (E) Lysine-proline-arginine-glycine

7. Which of the following proteins moves toward the anode the fastest during electrophoresis at a pH of 7.0? (A) protein A (molecular weight 25kDa, isoelectric point 7.0) (B) protein B (molecular weight 200kDa, isoelectric point 4.5) (C) protein C (molecular weight 25kDa, isoelectric point 4.5) (D) protein D (molecular weight 25kDa, isoelectric point 9.5) (E) protein E (molecular weight 200kDa, isoelectric point 9.5)

8. Which of the following is not related to eukaryotic cell transcription? (A) DNA template (B) DNA polymerase (C) RNA polymerase (D) promoter (E) None of the above

9. The RAS-MAPK signaling pathway can regulate both cell death and survival signals. Which of the following molecules is required for activation of RAS? (A) GTP (B) ATP (C) NADH (D) Ca2+ (E) None of the above

10. The temperature at which a lipid bilayer shifts from a fluid state to a crystalline gel is called (A) transition temperature (B) optimum temperature (C) gelation temperature (D) crystal temperature (E) None of the above

11. The GAL4 protein activates transcription from the GAL1 promoter in yeast. To bind to DNA, the protein utilizes a (A) signal peptide (B) transcriptional-activating domain (C) zinc-finger domain (D) transmembrane segment (E) heme group

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