11. Our circumstances have made people more susceptible to ______ bouts of grief as depression and mourning keep lingering without showing a sign of recession.
(A) prolonged
(B) abbreviated
(C) intercepted
(D) recommended

11-A. prolonged 永久的 (adj.)

音標: /prəˈlɒŋd/ (英), /prəˈlɔːŋd/ (美)

構詞分析:

• 字首: pro- (向前)
• 字根: -long- (長的)
• 字尾: -ed (過去分詞形式，用作形容詞)

同根詞:

• long (長的)
• longevity (長壽)
• longitude (經度)
• elongate (延長)
• prolong (延長)
• longstanding (長期存在的)
• lengthy (冗長的)
• longer (更長的)
• longtime (長期的)
• prolongation (延長)

其他詞性:

• prolong (v.) 延長
• prolongation (n.) 延長，延期

同義詞:

• extended (延長的)
• lengthened (加長的)
• protracted (持久的)
• stretched (拉長的)
• drawn-out (拖長的)
• continued (持續的)
• sustained (持久的)
• long-lasting (長期的)
• persistent (持續的)
• enduring (持久的)

反義詞:

• brief (短暫的)
• short (短的)
• fleeting (短暫的)
• momentary (瞬間的)
• temporary (臨時的)
• transient (短暫的)
• ephemeral (短暫的)
• abbreviated (縮短的)
• curtailed (縮減的)
• truncated (截短的)

常用搭配:

• prolonged illness (長期疾病)
• prolonged exposure (長期暴露)
• prolonged drought (持續乾旱)
• prolonged silence (長時間沉默)
• prolonged bout (長期發作)

11-B. abbreviated 縮寫 (v. 過去式/adj.)

音標: /əˈbriːvieɪtɪd/

構詞分析:

• 字首: ab- (離開)
• 字根: -brev- (短的，來自拉丁文"brevis")
• 字尾: -iate (使...，動詞化) + -d (過去式)

同根詞:

• brevity (簡潔)
• brief (簡短的)
• breviary (簡禱書)
• breve (短音符號)
• abbreviation (縮寫)
• abbreviator (縮寫者)
• breviloquent (說話簡潔的)
• brevis (短音節)
• abridge (刪節)
• brevicaudate (短尾的)

其他詞性:

• abbreviate (v.) 縮寫
• abbreviation (n.) 縮寫
• abbreviator (n.) 縮寫者

同義詞:

• shortened (縮短的)
• abridged (刪節的)
• condensed (濃縮的)
• truncated (截斷的)
• contracted (縮約的)
• curtailed (縮減的)
• concise (簡潔的)
• summarized (總結的)
• synopsized (概述的)
• streamlined (精簡的)

反義詞:

• extended (延長的)
• expanded (擴展的)
• elongated (拉長的)
• lengthened (延長的)
• unabridged (未刪節的)
• complete (完整的)
• comprehensive (全面的)
• detailed (詳細的)
• elaborated (詳盡的)
• protracted (延長的)

常用搭配:

• abbreviated form (縮略形式)
• abbreviated version (簡略版本)
• abbreviated name (縮寫名稱)
• abbreviated title (縮寫標題)
• abbreviated as (縮寫為)

11-C. intercepted 攔截 (v. 過去式)

音標: /ˌɪntəˈseptɪd/ (英), /ˌɪntərˈseptɪd/ (美)

構詞分析:

• 字首: inter- (之間)
• 字根: -cept- (抓取，來自拉丁文"capere")
• 字尾: -ed (過去式)

同根詞:

• intercept (攔截)
• interception (攔截)
• accept (接受)
• except (除外)
• reception (接待)
• conception (概念)
• perception (感知)
• reception (接收)
• recipient (接受者)
• susceptible (易受影響的)

其他詞性:

• intercept (v.) 攔截
• interception (n.) 攔截
• interceptive (adj.) 攔截的

同義詞:

• caught (捕獲的)
• seized (抓住的)
• captured (捕獲的)
• nabbed (逮住的)
• apprehended (逮捕的)
• blocked (阻擋的)
• stopped (停止的)
• halted (阻止的)
• impeded (阻礙的)
• cut off (切斷的)

反義詞:

• missed (錯過的)
• bypassed (繞過的)
• evaded (躲避的)
• escaped (逃脫的)
• avoided (避開的)
• transmitted (傳輸的)
• forwarded (轉發的)
• passed (通過的)
• delivered (交付的)
• received (接收的)

常用搭配:

• intercepted message (被攔截的信息)
• intercepted communication (被攔截的通訊)
• intercepted pass (被攔截的傳球)
• intercepted letter (被攔截的信件)
• intercepted by police (被警方攔截)

11-D. recommended 建議 (v. 過去式/adj.)

音標: /ˌrekəˈmendɪd/

構詞分析:

• 字首: re- (再次)
• 字根: -commend- (委託，來自拉丁文"commendare")
• 字尾: -ed (過去式)

同根詞:

• commend (稱讚)
• recommend (推薦)
• commendable (值得稱讚的)
• commendation (讚揚)
• recommendation (推薦)
• recommender (推薦人)
• commendatory (讚揚的)
• uncommendable (不值得稱讚的)
• commendingly (讚賞地)
• mandate (委託，相關詞根)

其他詞性:

• recommend (v.) 推薦，建議
• recommendation (n.) 推薦，建議
• recommender (n.) 推薦人

同義詞:

• suggested (建議的)
• advised (建議的)
• proposed (提議的)
• endorsed (認可的)
• advocated (提倡的)
• counseled (勸告的)
• urged (敦促的)
• prescribed (規定的)
• commended (讚揚的)
• sanctioned (批准的)

反義詞:

• discouraged (不鼓勵的)
• disapproved (不贊成的)
• rejected (拒絕的)
• opposed (反對的)
• prohibited (禁止的)
• dissuaded (勸阻的)
• warned against (警告反對的)
• vetoed (否決的)
• condemned (譴責的)
• proscribed (禁止的)

常用搭配:

• highly recommended (強烈推薦的)
• recommended dosage (建議劑量)
• recommended practice (推薦做法)
• recommended procedure (建議程序)
• recommended daily allowance (建議每日攝取量)