12. Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus) occurs when herpes zoster involves the:
(A) gasserain ganglion
(B) geniculate ganglion
(C) ciliary ganglion
(D) sphenopalatine ganglion
(E) trigeminal nerve

8. Which of the following is NOT the acceptable statement about the definition of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) without identified pathology? (A) menstrual pelvic pain of 6 or more months’ duration (B) severe enough to cause functional disability or to require medical or surgical treatment (C) non-opioid analgesics are the typical first step of treatment (D) the use of opioids is controversial (E) the best evidence-based treatment of patients with CPP is multidisciplinary care

9. Visceral pain has the following properties except: (A) It is diffuse and poorly localized. (B) It is referral pain and not felt at the source. (C) It is produced by stimuli different from those adequate for activation of somatic nociceptors. (D) It is characterized by distinct sensations. (E) It is associated with strong emotional and autonomic responses.

10. Allodynia can be defined as: (A) hypersensitivity to a painful stimulus (B) summation of mildly painful stimuli that causes severe pain (C) pain caused by a nonpainful stimulus (D) pain present in an area of numbness

11. A 26-year-old weight lifter felt a sharp pain in the neck, radiating to the dorsal aspect of the forearm during his workout. Over the next few days he noted progressive numbness of the thumb and index finger. He also complained of decreased ability to perform bicep curls. On examination by his primary care doctor, a markedly diminished biceps reflex was found. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s problem? (A) Facture C5 vertebra (B) C5-C6 disc protrusion (C) Facet syndrome at C5-6 (D) Compression of the C5 nerve root by an osteophyte

13. A 52-year-old man complains of a sudden onset of severe, stabbing pain in the left jaw and cheek that subsides in less than a minute. He is pain-free during the intervals between attacks. Activities such as combing his hair and shaving can cause the onset of this facial pain. He is otherwise healthy. The most likely diagnosis is (A) trigeminal neuralgia (B) atypical facial pain (C) postherpetic neuralgia (D) vascular facial pain

14.疾病和傷害經常造成疼痛及痛覺過敏(hyperalgesia)其中有一部份起源於發炎介質(inflammatory mediators)在週邊神經末稍的作用下影響相關之敘述何者是錯誤的? (A)這些介質除了 arachidonic acid metabolites； bradykinin 還有如 ATP 及 NO 之小分子。 (B)如 TNF，IL1 和 NGF 也和疼痛有關。 (C)可以經由活化 Nociceptive terminals。 (D)可以經由 nociceptors 基因表現的調節。 (E) CNS 無此類發炎介質引起之疼痛作用。

15.下列何者對研究疼痛在腦部的研究所提供的訊息最有限? (A) EEG (B) EP (Evoked Potential) (C) PET (Positron emission tomography) (D) SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography) (E) fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

16.在疼痛機轉下行性調控的控制中，下列何者沒有參與其中? (A) Enkephalinergic (B) Serotonergic (C) Cholinergic (D) Noradrenergic (E)以上皆有參與

17. Which of the following statement concerning “autonomic-endocrine-immune interaction in pain” is least likely? (A) Cytokines are involved in the sensitization of nociceptors during inflammation and may lead to hyperalgesia (B) Proinflammatory cytokines are synthesized and released by macrophages and other immune-related cells (C) IL-4 is categorized as an anti-inflammatory interleukin (D) IL-1, IL-10 and TNF-α are categorized as proinflammatory cytokines (E) TNF-α induces synthesis and release of IL-8, which activates sympathetic terminals that synthesize nociceptors via β2-adrenoceptors

18. The formal presentation of Myofascial Pain syndrome diagnostic criteria includes each of the following, EXCEPT (A) Resolution of the symptoms after Trigger Point Injection with local anesthetic (B) Referral pain is evident (C) Twitch response and Trigger Points are the common features (D) Limited ROM of the affected muscle or muscles (E) Widespread body pain