12. The Endosymbiosis Theory best describes the origins of _____ in eukaryotes.
(A)endoplasmic reticulum
(B) peroxisome
(C) mitochondria
(D)nucleus
(E)Golgi body

8. The Y substance is needed for the proper phenotypic expression of the A, B, and AB blood types in the ABO blood typing system in humans. Individuals who are recessive for the Y substance (yy) will have a type O phenotype, even if they have the A and/or B alleles. Two individuals, each with type AB blood and heterozygous at the H locus have children. What is the probability they will have a child who is phenotypically type O? (A)1/8. (B) 3/8. (C) 3/16. (D)4/16. (E)6/16.

9. Two molecules with identical molecular formulas but that have different structures are called _____. (A)isomers (B) polymers (C) carbohydrates (D)lipids (E)hydrocarbons

10. The_____ functional group can possibly provide covalent bond and then promote the tertiary structure of proteins? (A)NH2 (B) SH (C) PO4 (D)OH (E)COOH

11. If a specimen contains 30% adenine in its DNA then how much cytosine will there be_____. (A)15% (B) 20% (C) 30% (D)35% (E)60%

13. Sucrose and H+ can move into the cell by a common membrane protein reflects transport through a ____. (A)voltage-gated channel (B) uniporter (C) antiporter (D)symporter (E)Shear flow channel

14. Which one of the following processes will both occur in the presence or absence of oxygen? (A)Glycolysis. (B) Electron transport chain. (C) Oxidative phosphorylation. (D)Cellular respiration. (E)TCA cycle.

15. Which one of the following is the most correct of the TCA cycle? (A)In the reaction of electron transport, the concentration of H+ is increased in the matrix space. (B) It produces oxygen. (C) The reaction starts from the binding of 4-carbon complex and acetyl CoA. (D)It occurs on the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. (E)It produces ATP as the primary energy intermediate.

16. About the mitochondria, which one of the following is more incorrect? (A)The most cells contain at least one mitochondria. (B) Mitochondria can translate proteins by ribosome at the matrix space. (C) Mitochondria have DNA polymerase. (D)Mitochondrial DNA exhibits a circular form. (E)The genome size of mitochondria in the muscle cell is larger than skin cell.

17. About the light reaction of photosynthesis, which one of the following is the best answer? (A)Photosystem II contains both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b molecules. (B) Photons with wave length 680 nm can push the phosphor atom to attach on ADP. (C) Photons with wave length 680 nm can push the phosphor atom to attach on ATP. (D)Cyclic electron flow can produce ATP and NADPH. (E)Cyclic electron flow is triggered by photosystem II.

18. About the ATP production in the light reaction of photosynthesis, which one of the following is the best answer? (A)The concentration of H+ in the stroma is higher than thylakoid space during non-cyclic electron flow. (B) H+ can transport across membrane through plastocyanin (Pc) and ATP synthase. (C) H2O can continuously supply new H+ to elevate the H+ gradient between thylakoid membranes. (D)The final electron acceptor of non-cyclic electron flow is NADH reductase. (E)The ATP is produced inside the thylakoid space.