12. The reason older persons are more sensitive to sun exposure and more likely to get sunburned is that with age
(A) glandular activity declines.
(B) skin thickness decreases.
(C) melanocyte activity declines.
(D) vitamin D3 production declines. 

8. What type of specialized junction connects epithelial cells lining the renal tubules? (A) tight junctions (B) desmosomes (C) gap junctions (D) intercalated disks

9. In both males and females, gonadotropin secretion by the anterior pituitary is stimulated by (A) GnRH. (B) FSH. (C) GHRH. (D) androgens.

10. The corpus luteum is maintained for the first 10 weeks of pregnancy by (A) progesterone. (B) estrogen. (C) hCG. (D) LH.

11. Which of the following is an autoimmune disease in which myelinated neurons become the target of the immune response? (A) rheumatoid arthritis (B) myasthenia gravis (C) multiple sclerosis (D) diabetes mellitus

複選題13. Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells? (A) simple diffusion (B) phagocytosis (C) active transport pumps (D) facilitated diffusion

14. The structure of a protein that contains two or more polypeptides is the (A) primary structure. (B) secondary structure. (C) tertiary structure. (D) quaternary structure.

15. A man with Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) is expected to have any of the following except: (A) lower sperm count. (B) possible breast enlargement. (C) increased testosterone. (D) female body characteristics.

16. Ketoacidosis in untreated diabetes mellitus is due to (A) excessive fat catabolism. (B) hypoventilation. (C) excessive fluid loss. (D) excessive eating and obesity.

複選題17. If humans have 2,900 Mb, a specific member of the lily family has 120,000 Mb, and a yeast has ~13 Mb, why can't this data allow us to order their evolutionary significance? (A) Size matters less than gene density. (B) Size does not compare to gene density. (C) Size does not vary with gene complexity. (D) Size is comparable only within phyla. .

18. Drinking alcohol makes you urinate more frequently because (A) alcohol contains caffeine. (B) alcohol inhibits the release of ADH and therefore causes excessive urinary water loss. (C) alcohol inhibits the release of renin, a hormone that increases water reabsorption in the kidneys. (D) alcohol causes more water to filter from the blood into the kidneys.