15. Which of the followings is one of the mechanisms that repair DNA damage in eukaryotic cells?
(A) Phosphorylation repair
(B) Double-strand break repair
(C) Ubiquitination repair
(D) Sumoylation repair
(E) tRNA-mediated repair

1. You are trying to separate proteins A, B, C, D, and E by gel filtration chromatography: Which of the proteins will be eluted in the second order from the column? (A) protein A (42 kDa) (B) protein B (99 kDa) (C) protein C (64 kDa) (D) protein D (121 kDa) (E) protein E (82 kDa)

2. Which of the following amino-acid combinations have side chains with groups that have the greatest ability to stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein? (A) Kand R(B)CandE (C)Dand N(D) DandR(E) Wand E

3. Please select the most suitable method for separation of peptides PSVIA and ANTSP. (A) affinity chromatography (B) size-exclusion chromatography (C) ion-exchange chromatography (D)gel fitration chromatography (E) reversed-phase liquid chromatography

4. Which of the following pairs of bonds within a peptide backbone show free rotation around both bonds? (A) C=O and N-C (B) Ca-C and N-C. (C)C=Oand N-C. (D)N-Cand Co-c (E) N-Ca and N-C

5. Cooperative binding between ligands and proteins can be described quantitatively with the Hill equation. The slope in the Hill plot actually reflects (A) homotropic interaction (B) number of ligand bound (C) degree of interaction (D) affinity (E) heterotropic interaction

6. Which cofactors are involved in the conversion of pyruvate to acety-CoA? (A) Biotin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) (B) Biotin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD'), and FAD (C) NAD*, biotin, and TPP (D) Pyridoxal phosphate, FAD, and lipoic acid (E) TPP, lipoic acid, and NAD

7. The two moles of COz produced in the first turn of the citric acid cycle have their origin in the (A) carboxyl and methylene carbons of oxaloacetate. (B) carboxyl group of acetate and a carboxyI group of oxaloacetate. (C) carboxyI group of acetate and the keto group of oxaloacetate. (D) two carboxyI groups derived from oxaloacetate. (E) two carbon atoms of acetate.

8. If electron transfer in tightly coupled mitochondria is blocked (with antimycin A) between cytochrome b and cytochrome ct, then (A) all ATP synthesis will stop. (B) ATP synthesis will continue, but the P/O ratio will drop to one. (C) electron transfer from NADH will cease, but Oz uptake will continue. (D) electron transfer from succinate to Oz will continue unabated. (E) energy diverted from the cytochromes will be used to make ATP, and the P/O ratio will rise.

9. During oxidative phosphorylation, the proton motive force that is generated by electron transport is used to (A) create a pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) generate the substrates (ADP and Pi) for the ATP synthase. (C) induce a conformational change in the ATP synthase. (D) oxidize NADH to NAD+. (E) reduce Oz to H2O.

10. Which of the following statements concerning the B oxidation of fatty acids is true? (A) About 1,200 ATP molecules are ultimately produced per 20-carbon fatty acid oxidized. (B) One FADH2 and two NADH are produced for each acetyl-CoA. (C) The free fatty acid must be carboxylated in the B position by a biotin-dependent reaction before the process of 8 oxidation commences. (D) The free fatty acid must be converted to a thioester before the process of B oxidation commences, (E) Two NADH are produced for each acetyl-CoA.

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