16. A sample is composed of carbon , hydrogen (H), and chlorine (Cl). When a 0.250 g sample was subjected to combustion analysis, 0.451 g of CO₂ and 0.0617 g of H₂O. What is its empirical formula? (C = 12.01 amu, O = 16.00 amu, Cl = 35.45 amu, H=1.01 amu)
(A) C₃H₂Cl
(B) C₂H₅Cl
(C) C₂H₄Cl₂
(D)CH₃Cl
(E) none of these

1. Which of the following molecules is non-polar? (A) NH3 (B) H2O (C) XeF4 (D) ClF3 (E) none of these

2. Use the molecular orbital model to predict the (magnetism, bond order) of the N2 + ? (A) (paramagnetism, 3) (B) (diamagnetism, 3) (C) (diamagnetism, 2) (D) (paramagnetism, 2) (E) none of these

3. A sample containing 0.5 mole of He gas at a temperature of 300 K and a pressure of 0.6 atm torr is heated to 380 K and a pressure of 1.9 atm. Calculate the change in volume that occurs? (A) -12.3 L (B) -9.3 L (C) 9.3 L (D) 5.2 L (E) none of these

4. Which of the following statements is true? (A) If a substance is soluble, it must be an electrolyte. (B) The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen within a water molecule can be characterized as intermolecular forces. (C) The buffered solution will not change its pH very much even if a strong base is added. (D) The total energy of the universe increases, while the entropy increases. (E) none of these

5. Excluding cyclic compounds, how many possible isomers exist for C4H8? (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) none of these

6. Balance the following redox equation using the smallest integers possible and select the correct coefficient for the bromide anion, Br⁻ .  (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) none of these

7. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) An excited atom can return to its ground state by absorbing electromagnetic radiation (B) 1s orbital in He+ is larger (probability density is shifted outward) than the 1s orbital in H (C) Energy of electromagnetic radiation increases as its frequency decreases (D) The binding forces in a molecular solid include London dispersion forces (E) none of these

8. The oxidation and coordination numbers of cobalt (Co) in the compound K[Co(C2O4)2(H2O)2] (where = oxalate), respectively: (A) 3 and 6 (B) 3 and 4 (C) -1 and 4 (D) -1 and 6 (E) none of these

9. Select the correct name for the following compound. (A) 2-ethyl-3-pentene (B) 4-ethyl-2-pentene (C) 3-methyl-4-hexene (D) 4-methyl-2-hexene (E) none of these

10. The heat of vaporization for 1.0 mole of water at 373 K and 1.0 atm is 40.55 kJ/mol. Calculate ΔS (J/K mol) for the process at 373 K. (A) +109 (B) -109 (C) +406 (D) 0 (E) none of these

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