16. Ketoacidosis in untreated diabetes mellitus is due to
(A) excessive fat catabolism.
(B) hypoventilation.
(C) excessive fluid loss.
(D) excessive eating and obesity.

12. The reason older persons are more sensitive to sun exposure and more likely to get sunburned is that with age (A) glandular activity declines. (B) skin thickness decreases. (C) melanocyte activity declines. (D) vitamin D3 production declines. 

複選題13. Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells? (A) simple diffusion (B) phagocytosis (C) active transport pumps (D) facilitated diffusion

14. The structure of a protein that contains two or more polypeptides is the (A) primary structure. (B) secondary structure. (C) tertiary structure. (D) quaternary structure.

15. A man with Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) is expected to have any of the following except: (A) lower sperm count. (B) possible breast enlargement. (C) increased testosterone. (D) female body characteristics.

複選題17. If humans have 2,900 Mb, a specific member of the lily family has 120,000 Mb, and a yeast has ~13 Mb, why can't this data allow us to order their evolutionary significance? (A) Size matters less than gene density. (B) Size does not compare to gene density. (C) Size does not vary with gene complexity. (D) Size is comparable only within phyla. .

18. Drinking alcohol makes you urinate more frequently because (A) alcohol contains caffeine. (B) alcohol inhibits the release of ADH and therefore causes excessive urinary water loss. (C) alcohol inhibits the release of renin, a hormone that increases water reabsorption in the kidneys. (D) alcohol causes more water to filter from the blood into the kidneys.

19. Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are (A) hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. (B) hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. (C) hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution. (D) hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution.

20. Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? (A) an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell (B) an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it (C) an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized (D) an agent that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain

21. In cats, black fur color is caused by an X-linked allele; the other allele at this locus causes orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a black female and an orange male? (A) Tortoiseshell females; tortoiseshell males (B) Black females; orange males (C) Orange females; orange males (D) Tortoiseshell females; black males  

22. A young animal has never had much energy. He is brought to a veterinarian for help and is sent to the animal hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of his condition? (A) His mitochondria lack the transport protein that moves pyruvate across the outer mitochondrial membrane. (B) His cells cannot move NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria. (C) His cells contain something that inhibits oxygen use in his mitochondria. (D) His cells lack the enzyme in glycolysis that forms pyruvate.