21.The sigma factor (σ) of procaryotic RNA polymerase is part of the core enzyme. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE for sigma factor.
(A) it is associated with the core enzyme during transcription.
(B) it is inhibited by -amanitin
(C) it is required for transcription initiation
(D) it is dispensable for RNA polymerization reaction
(E) it is a component of RNA polymerase holoenzyme

複選題1. Which of the following statements regarding "Cell Cycle" are CORRECT? (A) Cyclin D/Cdk4 functions during M phase (B) Cyclins are destructed by proteasomes (C) Kinetochores assemble at the telomere (D) Separase, a cysteine protease, initiates sister chromatid segregation at anaphase by cleaving APC (E) Cyclin A/Cdk2 activity can be inhibited by p21 CIP

複選題2. Which of the following statements regarding "Cancer Genetics" are CORRECT? (A) Hereditary tumors usually possess loss-of-heterozygosity in proto-oncogenes (B) All the cells in a female tumor have the same inactive X chromosome, which is because that all the tumor cells are derived from a single progenitor cell (C) A gain of function mutation in Rb will bypass the restriction point controls (D) Micro-RNAs are a new class of oncogenic factors because they function to induce errors during DNA replication (E) Some viruses can via integrating into the human genome to activate the cellular proto-oncogenes and contribute to tumor formation.

複選題3. Which of the following statements regarding "Stem Cells" are CORRECT? (A) The Dolly sheep was cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer (B) Myeloid stem cells are in the cell lineage which can give rise to T cells (C) The stem cells can be induced to divide asymmetrically in responsive to the external cue from the niche (D) Stem cells are only found in the embryonic tissues but not in the adult tissues (E) The differentiated mouse fibroblasts can be reprogrammed to pluripotent stem cells when transfected with vectors expressing KLF4, OCT4, and TERT

複選題4. Which of the following statements "Biochemical Interaction" are CORRECT? (A) Ionic bond is stronger than the Van der Waals interaction (B) Glutamine is a negatively charged amino acid (C) The sulfhydryl group in two adjacent cysteine can oxidize to form a covalent disulfide bond (D) The less of Ka (the dissociation constant) indicates a weaker binding affinity between two molecules (E) Three hydrogen bonds form between T and A in a Watson-Crick base pair interactions

5. Which of the following are enzyme pairs that catalyze opposite reactions?(A) JAK kinases and STATs(B) PI-3 kinase and PTEN phosphatase(C) NF-kB and I-KB(D) MEK and MAP kinase(E) Insulin receptor and PTP1В

複選題6. Which of the following statements regarding "Immunoglobulins" are CORRECT? (A) IgM is a pentamer, which is involved in early primary immune response (B) Class switch recombination generates antibodies with different light-chain constant regions (C) Anti-PD-1 antibody has been developed with potential to restore the latent anti-tumor immunity for several types of tumors (D) Monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusing mouse spleen cells with primary B cells (E) IgG can cross placenta and provide passive immunity to new born

複選題7. Which of the following statements regarding "Cytoskeleton" are CORRECT?(A) Membrane extension during cell locomotion is driven by actin polymerization(B) The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is mainly supported by microtubules(C) Chromosome movement during cell division is regulated by microfilaments(D) Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are made up of tubulin(E) The drug colchicine acts to stabilize microtubule against depolymerization

複選題8. Which of the following statements regarding "DNA/RNA Synthesis" are CORRECT?(A) UAG is one of the target codons to be recognized by elongation factors(B) DNA replication begins at sequences called initiators(C) The RNA cap structure are removed from mRNAs during processing(D) The base in the wobble position of a codon is the 3' (third) base(E) The RNA primer is removed from the Okazaki fragment by DNA Pol I

9. Which of the following methods can separate proteins based on their mass?(A) SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(B) Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis(C) Ion exchange chromatography(D) Gel filtration chromatography(E) Centrifugation

複選題10. Which of the following statements regarding "Signaling Pathways" are CORRECT? (A) Most genes regulated by PKA contain a cis-acting DNA sequence that binds to the phosphorylated CREB (B) Phosphorylation of ẞ-catenin by GSK3 kinase can increase the B-catenin protein level and stimulate the Wnt pathway activity (C) Protein kinase B is activated at the plasma membrane, by the activating kinase PDK1 (D) Ras is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which is inactive when bound with GDP (E) The nuclear hormone receptor can be activated by binding with the lipid soluble hormone, and then move from cytosol to nucleus for transcription

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