24. Which of the following causes populations to shift most quickly from an exponential to a logistic population growth?
(A) competition for resources
(B) increased birth rate
(C) removal of predators
(D) favorable climatic conditions

20. Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by (A) drinking several glasses of water. (B) eating a pizza with olives and pepperoni. (C) sleeping for one hour. (D) severe sweating on a hot day.

21. Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when (A) pathogens are rapidly diversifying. (B) a species is in stable and favorable environments. (C) a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations. (D) a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings.

22. The lateral line system in fish transduces sensory information in a manner that, among these choices, is most similar to (A) human olfaction. (B) human vestibular sense‘ (C) human vision. (D) human thermoreception,

23. "How do seed-eating animals affect the distribution and abundance of the trees?" This question (A) would require an elaborate experimental design to answer. (B) would be difficult to answer because a large experimental area would be required. (C) would be difficult to answer because a long-term experiment would be required. (D) All options are correct.

25. Which of the following studies would shed light on the mechanism of spread of H5N1 from Asia? (A) Test fecal samples for H5N1 in Asian waterfowl that live near domestic poultry farms in Asia. (B) Test for the presence of H5N1 in poultry used for human consumption worldwide. (C) Perform cloacal or saliva smears of migrating waterfowl to monitor whether any infected birds show up in Alaska. (D) Keep domestic and wild fowl from interacting with each other to minimize the probability that wild fowl could get infected and migrate out of Asia.

1.IgG重鏈（heavy chain）分子量為多少Da？ (A)22,000 (B)50,000 (C)150,000 (D)900,000

2.血清蛋白電泳後的分布由正極到負極分別是：①α球蛋白 ②β球蛋白 ③γ球蛋白 ④白蛋白 （albumin） (A)①②③④ (B)④①②③ (C)③②①④ (D)④③②①

3.下列何種分子並未參與在reactive oxygen species（ROS）的產生？ (A)NADPH phagosome oxidase (B)superoxide dismutase (C)lysozyme (D)myeloperoxidase

4.下列有關主動免疫（active immunity）之敘述，何者錯誤？ (A)可分為體液性及細胞性免疫反應 (B)接種疫苗可獲得主動免疫力 (C)獲得免疫力所需時間較被動免疫（passive immunity）短 (D)免疫效果較被動免疫（passive immunity）佳，且持續時間較長

5.在血液中未曾活化的B細胞表面，會出現下列何種免疫球蛋白？ (A)IgA (B)IgG (C)IgE (D)IgD