22. The lateral line system in fish transduces sensory information in a manner that, among these choices, is most similar to
(A) human olfaction.
(B) human vestibular sense‘
(C) human vision.
(D) human thermoreception,

18. The velocity of blood flow is the lowest in capillaries because (A) the capillary walls are not thin enough to allow oxygen to exchange with the cells. (B) the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arteries or any other part of the circulatory system. (C) the capillaries are far from the heart, and blood flow slows as distance from the heart increases. (D) the diastolic blood pressure is too low to deliver blood to the capillaries at a high flow rale.

19. The switch of one B cell from producing one class of antibody to another antibody class that is responsive to the same antigen is due to (A) the rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy-chain C region DNA. (B) a switch in the kind of antigen-presenting cell that is involved in the immune response. (C) a patient's reaction to the first kind of antibody made by the plasma cells. (D) the rearrangement of V region genes in that clone of responsive B cells.

20. Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by (A) drinking several glasses of water. (B) eating a pizza with olives and pepperoni. (C) sleeping for one hour. (D) severe sweating on a hot day.

21. Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when (A) pathogens are rapidly diversifying. (B) a species is in stable and favorable environments. (C) a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations. (D) a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings.

23. "How do seed-eating animals affect the distribution and abundance of the trees?" This question (A) would require an elaborate experimental design to answer. (B) would be difficult to answer because a large experimental area would be required. (C) would be difficult to answer because a long-term experiment would be required. (D) All options are correct.

24. Which of the following causes populations to shift most quickly from an exponential to a logistic population growth? (A) competition for resources (B) increased birth rate (C) removal of predators (D) favorable climatic conditions

25. Which of the following studies would shed light on the mechanism of spread of H5N1 from Asia? (A) Test fecal samples for H5N1 in Asian waterfowl that live near domestic poultry farms in Asia. (B) Test for the presence of H5N1 in poultry used for human consumption worldwide. (C) Perform cloacal or saliva smears of migrating waterfowl to monitor whether any infected birds show up in Alaska. (D) Keep domestic and wild fowl from interacting with each other to minimize the probability that wild fowl could get infected and migrate out of Asia.

1.IgG重鏈（heavy chain）分子量為多少Da？ (A)22,000 (B)50,000 (C)150,000 (D)900,000

2.血清蛋白電泳後的分布由正極到負極分別是：①α球蛋白 ②β球蛋白 ③γ球蛋白 ④白蛋白 （albumin） (A)①②③④ (B)④①②③ (C)③②①④ (D)④③②①

3.下列何種分子並未參與在reactive oxygen species（ROS）的產生？ (A)NADPH phagosome oxidase (B)superoxide dismutase (C)lysozyme (D)myeloperoxidase