25. What is the following description about tension-type headache is FALSE?
(A) may be associated with stress
(B) pain may involve teeth, forehead & neck
(C) bilateral
(D) associated with vomiting
(E) most common in adolescence

21. Which statement about “chronic pain and emotion” is wrong? (A) The psychological impact and behavioural course of painful conditions varies among individuals. (B) Chronic pain is always associated with depression. (C) Depression makes social and occupational functioning more difficult and appears to intensify pain. (D) Sleep disturbance is one of the diagnosic criterial for depression.

22. Which statement about pain is wrong? (A) Pain is an objective, perceptual experience. (B) No iso-morphic relationship exits between tissue damage and pain report. (C) One characteristic differentiating pain from pure sensation is its affective and cognitive components. (D) Pain must be viewed as a complex phenomenon that incorporates physical, psychosocial and behavioral factor

23. Physical dependence is defined by the abstinence syndrome (withdrawal), but which item below is NOT included: (A) abdominal cramps (B) restlessness (C) pupil constriction (D) sweating (E) dysphoria

24. Which measurement for pain is seldom used in pediatric patients? (A) Poker Chip Tool (B) Oucher scale (C) McGill Pain Questionnaire (D) Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R) (E) Neonatal Facial Action Coding System (NFACS)

26. Which following item is a probably more predictive addiction indicator? (A) Obtaining prescription drugs from non-medical sources (B) Requesting specific drugs (C) Unapproved use of the drug to treat another symptom (D) Openly acquiring similar drugs from other medical sources (E) Aggressive complaining about needing more of the drug

27.下列有關老年病患疼痛問題之敘述何者正確? (A)即使有認知功能障礙的老年病患, 仍應該積極處理其疼痛 (B)慢性疼痛問題在老年人之發生率遠高於年輕人 (C)針對手術後疼痛, 老年病患較年輕病患更常主動表達疼痛問題 (D)老年慢性疼痛病患比年輕病患更容易受到憂鬱的影響 (E)以上皆正確

28.下列有關慢性疼痛的流行病學調查, 何者正確? (A)regional pain syndrome 中最常見的是下肢疼痛 (Lower limb pain) (B)widespread body pain(例如 fibromyalgia) 男性的發生率高於女性 (C)cohort study 與 case-control study 是慢性疼痛流行病學研究適當的研究方法 (D)慢性疼痛議題容易進行 population based 的流行病學調查 (E)以上皆不正確

29.About the following CT-guided intervention, which indication is NOT proper? (A) Sympathetically maintained pain (B) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (C) Chronic pancreatitis (D) Raynaud syndrome (E) Failed back surgery syndrome.

30.About the physiologic anatomy of nociception, which one of the following statements is NOT correct? (A)First-order (primary afferent) nociceptive neurons are sensory neurons that are specialized to detect the presence and signal the location, quality, and intensity of tissue-damaging stimuli. (B)The cell bodies of primary afferent nociceptive neurons are located in dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia. (C)WDR neurons encode the intensity of inputs over the entire range of innocuous and noxious stimuli, whereas nociceptive-specific neurons do respond to innocuous stimuli. (D)After initial synaptic processing at the spinal segmental level, nociceptive information is carried to the brain by direct axonal projections to the thalamus, brainstem and hypothalamus/forebrain. (E)The primary somatosensory cortex (SI) is located in the postcentral gyrus and extends from the interhemispheric fissure to the sylvian fissure.

31.下列對 CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome) 的敘述何者不正確？ (A)有灼熱痛 (burning pain) (B)合併持續疼痛(ongoing pain)及突發性疼痛(breakthrough pain) (C)對嗎啡類止痛藥的反應不錯，常須合併這類藥物使用 (D)疼痛也會合併肌痛點的表現 (E)治療的首要目標為恢復正常生活作息