3. RecA enzyme requires for catalysis. When the enzyme lacks , it would be referred to as the:
(A) apoenzyme.
(B) substrate.
(C) coenzyme.
(D) holoenzyme.
(E) prosthetic group.

39. Compare the advantages and limitations of microarrays and Northern blots for analyzing gene expression. Which statement listed below is correct? 　 1. Microarrays allow a more global analysis of gene expression by analyzing thousands 　 2. Microarrays data analysis can reveal groups of known and unknown genes that are regulated in a coordinated fashion. 　 3. Northern blots allow the analysis of only a few genes at a time. 　 4. Northern blot can reveal the presence of multiple mRNAs from one gene locus that may be differentially expressed. The presence of multiple mRNAs could be missed by microarray analysis. (A) 1, 2, 3 are correct. (B) 1, 3, 4 are correct. (C) 2, 3, 4 are correct. (D) 1, 2, 4 are correct. (E) All of above are correct.

40. Which of the following best describes the function of reverse transcriptase? (A) It's involved in viral attachment to a host cell. (B) It uses an RNA template to make a double-stranded DNA. (C) It uses DNA to synthesize an RNA in the 3' to 5' direction. (D) It joins the gene segments that code for antibodies. (E) Its reaction products can be inserted directly into plasmid.

1. Which of the following pairs of bonds can rotate within a peptide backbone and the torsion angle of the latter is assigned as psi angle? (A)(B)(C)(D)(E)

2. Which of the following statements is   false  ? (A) One protein has one conformation but has many configurations. (B) An α-helix can be destabilized by the presence of two Lys residues near the amino terminus of the α-helix. (C) Determining the precise spacing of atoms within a large protein is possible only through the use of x-ray diffraction. (D) Protein domains may retain their correct shape even when separated from the rest of the protein. (E) Proteins are classified within families or superfamilies based on similarities in structure and/or function.

4. Catalytic antibodies, also called _____ are generated against an antigen that is: (A) zymogens； an analog of the product of the reaction. (B) abzymes； the substrate of the reaction. (C) abzymes； an analog of the transition-state intermediate in the reaction. (D) zymogens； an analog of the transition-state intermediate in the reaction. (E) holoenzyme； the substrate of the reaction.

5. In the catalytic triad common to many serine proteases, _ increases the basicity of _____ thus allowing deprotonation of _____ to serve as a nucleophile. (A) Ser, His, Asp. (B) Asp, His, Ser. (C) Ser, His, His. (D) His, Ser, Asp. (E) Cys, His, Ser.

6. Negative cooperativity of Rep helicase from E. coli means that: (A) once it binds ssDNA, binding dsDNA is prohibited. (B) when both subunits are bound to DNA, ATP hydrolysis promotes release of both subunits. (C) ATP hydrolysis promotes DNA binding of both subunits simultaneously. (D) when one subunit binds DNA, the other releases from the DNA. (E) when one subunit binds DNA, the other binds tightly to the DNA.

7. Each of the following vitamins is required for reactions in the oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 and H2O   except  ? (A) biotin. (B) pantothenate. (C) niacin. (D) thiamine. (E) riboflavin.

8. Which one of the following statements concerning biotin and gluconeogenesis is   not true  ? (A) Biotin is used to add CO2 to certain intermediates in gluconeogenesis. (B) CO2 is incorporated into the glucose product. (C) Biotin is capable of binding covalently to CO2. (D) Biotin helps synthesize an important precursor of phosphoenolpyruvate. (E) ATP hydrolysis is required to attach CO2 to biotin.

複選題9. Which of the following statements is   true  ? (A) One of the reason why the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of citrate is called citrate synthase is because the reaction requires ATP. (B) Pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and succinyl-CoA synthase catalyze reactions that release CO2. (C) Aconitase catalyzes reaction that transforms from an achiral to chiral molecule. (D) Reactions catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase releases GTP. (E) Animals can use fat or acetate as the carbon source because they can replenish TCA cycle intermediates by anaplerotic reaction.