7. Each of the following vitamins is required for reactions in the oxidation of pyruvate to CO₂ and H₂O   except  ?
(A) biotin.
(B) pantothenate.
(C) niacin.
(D) thiamine.
(E) riboflavin.

3. RecA enzyme requires for catalysis. When the enzyme lacks , it would be referred to as the: (A) apoenzyme. (B) substrate. (C) coenzyme. (D) holoenzyme. (E) prosthetic group.

4. Catalytic antibodies, also called _____ are generated against an antigen that is: (A) zymogens； an analog of the product of the reaction. (B) abzymes； the substrate of the reaction. (C) abzymes； an analog of the transition-state intermediate in the reaction. (D) zymogens； an analog of the transition-state intermediate in the reaction. (E) holoenzyme； the substrate of the reaction.

5. In the catalytic triad common to many serine proteases, _ increases the basicity of _____ thus allowing deprotonation of _____ to serve as a nucleophile. (A) Ser, His, Asp. (B) Asp, His, Ser. (C) Ser, His, His. (D) His, Ser, Asp. (E) Cys, His, Ser.

6. Negative cooperativity of Rep helicase from E. coli means that: (A) once it binds ssDNA, binding dsDNA is prohibited. (B) when both subunits are bound to DNA, ATP hydrolysis promotes release of both subunits. (C) ATP hydrolysis promotes DNA binding of both subunits simultaneously. (D) when one subunit binds DNA, the other releases from the DNA. (E) when one subunit binds DNA, the other binds tightly to the DNA.

8. Which one of the following statements concerning biotin and gluconeogenesis is   not true  ? (A) Biotin is used to add CO2 to certain intermediates in gluconeogenesis. (B) CO2 is incorporated into the glucose product. (C) Biotin is capable of binding covalently to CO2. (D) Biotin helps synthesize an important precursor of phosphoenolpyruvate. (E) ATP hydrolysis is required to attach CO2 to biotin.

複選題9. Which of the following statements is   true  ? (A) One of the reason why the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of citrate is called citrate synthase is because the reaction requires ATP. (B) Pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and succinyl-CoA synthase catalyze reactions that release CO2. (C) Aconitase catalyzes reaction that transforms from an achiral to chiral molecule. (D) Reactions catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase releases GTP. (E) Animals can use fat or acetate as the carbon source because they can replenish TCA cycle intermediates by anaplerotic reaction.

10. Which one is   not   a component of the plasma membrane? (A) Sphingolipid. (B) Phosphatidylcholine. (C) Triacylglycerol. (D) Sterol. (E) Glycolipids.

11. Which modification is   not   required for lipid anchor proteins? (A) Myristoyl. (B) Palmitoyl. (C) Prenyl. (D) Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol. (E) Phorphorylation.

12. Which one does   not   reduce the level of LDL? (A) Statin. (B) Arachidonic acid. (C) Lipitor. (D) Anti-PCSK9 antibody. (E) LDL receptor.

13. Urea and formamide are agents that denature dsDNA by: (A) intercalating between base pairs and disrupting van der Waals interactions. (B) forming ionic bonds with the backbone phosphates. (C) competing effectively with the H-bonding between the base pairs (D) changing the pH to cause hydrolysis. (E) None are true.