3. Which of the following statements reflects the principles of backward design in curriculum planning?
(A) Teachers begin by choosing textbook chapters to follow.
(B) The course is structured around thematic units selected by students.
(C) Instructional activities are selected before the learning goals are finalized.
(D) The learning outcomes are determined first, followed by assessment and instruction.

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統計： A(1), B(4), C(4), D(37), E(0) #3455469