31.下列對 CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome) 的敘述何者不正確？
(A)有灼熱痛 (burning pain)
(B)合併持續疼痛(ongoing pain)及突發性疼痛(breakthrough pain)
(C)對嗎啡類止痛藥的反應不錯，常須合併這類藥物使用
(D)疼痛也會合併肌痛點的表現
(E)治療的首要目標為恢復正常生活作息

27.下列有關老年病患疼痛問題之敘述何者正確? (A)即使有認知功能障礙的老年病患, 仍應該積極處理其疼痛 (B)慢性疼痛問題在老年人之發生率遠高於年輕人 (C)針對手術後疼痛, 老年病患較年輕病患更常主動表達疼痛問題 (D)老年慢性疼痛病患比年輕病患更容易受到憂鬱的影響 (E)以上皆正確

28.下列有關慢性疼痛的流行病學調查, 何者正確? (A)regional pain syndrome 中最常見的是下肢疼痛 (Lower limb pain) (B)widespread body pain(例如 fibromyalgia) 男性的發生率高於女性 (C)cohort study 與 case-control study 是慢性疼痛流行病學研究適當的研究方法 (D)慢性疼痛議題容易進行 population based 的流行病學調查 (E)以上皆不正確

29.About the following CT-guided intervention, which indication is NOT proper? (A) Sympathetically maintained pain (B) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (C) Chronic pancreatitis (D) Raynaud syndrome (E) Failed back surgery syndrome.

30.About the physiologic anatomy of nociception, which one of the following statements is NOT correct? (A)First-order (primary afferent) nociceptive neurons are sensory neurons that are specialized to detect the presence and signal the location, quality, and intensity of tissue-damaging stimuli. (B)The cell bodies of primary afferent nociceptive neurons are located in dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia. (C)WDR neurons encode the intensity of inputs over the entire range of innocuous and noxious stimuli, whereas nociceptive-specific neurons do respond to innocuous stimuli. (D)After initial synaptic processing at the spinal segmental level, nociceptive information is carried to the brain by direct axonal projections to the thalamus, brainstem and hypothalamus/forebrain. (E)The primary somatosensory cortex (SI) is located in the postcentral gyrus and extends from the interhemispheric fissure to the sylvian fissure.

32.一位末期肝癌疼痛的病患，因口服嗎啡已經造成嚴重的嘔吐，考慮改由脊髓腔內(intrathecal) 持續給藥，因其每天劑量達 600 mg，經換算後脊髓給藥劑量應為每天約： (A) 1 mg (B) 2 mg (C) 6 mg (D) 10 mg (E) 20 mg

33.Nociceptive pain： (A) Occurs only in laboratory animals. (B) Occurs under conditions of normal peripheral and central nervous system function. (C) Typically responds poorly to opioid analgesics. (D) Typically responds poorly to NSAIDs. (E) Typically responds favorably to adjuvant analgesics.

34.局部麻醉劑主要的作用是經由? (A) sodium channel blocking effect (B) potassium channel blocking effect (C) GABA system (D) NMDA system (E) all of above

35.Which of the following statement concerning “central pain” is LEAST likely: (A) Central pain is defined as pain caused by a lesion or dysfunction in the CNS (B) The most common cause is traumatic spinal cord injuries (C) In stroke the onset of pain is early (D) In stroke the pain is most frequently a hemipain (E) Central pain is dominated by abnormalities in the sensibility to temperature

36.A parturitient of heroin abuse history, asking for painless labor, which one is improper? (A) Meperidine (B) Continuous epidural analgesia (C) Nitrous oxide (D) Butorphanol (E) Intrathecal morphine

37.A 61-year-old woman presents to the pain clinic with a chief complaint of left shoulder and arm pain for 3 years after undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer. Physical examination reveals lymphedema of the left axilla with noticeable skin changes. Examination of the left supraclavicular area precipitates a sharp pain that radiates down her left arm. Which of the following is likely diagnosis for her clinical presentation ? (A) Radiation-induced plexopathy (B)Tumor metastasis (C) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (D) Cervical radiculopathy (E) Thrombangiitis obliterans